{"title":"Research Peptides","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eResearch peptides are used to study the biochemistry, genetics, physiology, and pharmacology of peptides. The peptides listed here can only be used in laboratories and research studies, not intended for human or animal consumption, diagnosis, or treatment. Qualitide team has more than twenty years of experience in peptide research in a variety of research fields. Now we are dedicated to providing the high-quality peptides to meet your scientific research needs. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"cog1410","title":"COG1410, ApoE Mimetic Peptide","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG1410 ApoE Mimetic Peptide | Neuroprotective \u0026amp; Anti-Inflammatory Research Peptide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eProduct Name:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e COG1410\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/b\u003e ApoE Mimetic Peptide\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/b\u003e 878009-24-6\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/b\u003e C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₆₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₁₂₁\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₂₁\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₁₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/b\u003e 1408.78 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eSequence:\u003c\/b\u003e Ac-AS-{Aib}-LRKL-{Aib}-KRLL-NH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ePurity:\u003c\/b\u003e ≥98%\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eAppearance:\u003c\/b\u003e Solid, white to off-white\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhat is COG1410?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG1410 ApoE mimetic peptide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e is a synthetic peptide derived from the receptor-binding region of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). It is structurally enhanced with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues for increased stability and bioactivity. This research peptide is known for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, making it ideal for preclinical investigation into brain health, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG1410 Peptide Anti-Inflammatory Uses\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eNeuroinflammation Reduction:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e COG1410 has demonstrated the ability to modulate inflammation in brain tissues following traumatic brain injury and ischemic events.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxidative Stress Control:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e It reduces oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis in neuronal environments.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCognitive Recovery Support:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Shows promise in improving neurological outcomes post-TBI in animal models.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eImmunomodulatory Effects:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Helps balance pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG1410 for Brain Health Research\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eUsed extensively in neurological research, COG1410 plays a key role in investigating:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCerebral ischemia and stroke\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eAlzheimer’s and neurodegenerative conditions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eNeuroimmune interactions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eIts design enables crossing of the blood-brain barrier, a vital feature for brain-targeted therapeutic research.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG1410 vs COG112 Peptide Comparison\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhile both peptides are derived from ApoE and share anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective characteristics:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG112\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e includes a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) sequence to enhance intracellular delivery.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG1410\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e, with its Aib-modified backbone, offers increased resistance to enzymatic degradation and sustained bioactivity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eResearchers may choose COG1410 for longer-lasting effects and targeted action in neuroinflammatory models.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eStorage \u0026amp; Handling\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePowder:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e○\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e        \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e−80°C: 3 years\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e○\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e        \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e−20°C: 2 year\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eIn Solution (sealed, nitrogen-protected):\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e○\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e        \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e−80°C: 1 year\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e○\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e        \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e−20°C: 6 months\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eShipping:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Room temperature (within continental US)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"MsoNormalTable\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"408\" style=\"margin-left: -5.0pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1536; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: cell-none; mso-border-insidev: cell-none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"311\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eValue\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eForm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"311\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSolid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eColor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"311\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhite to off-white\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 3; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"311\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u0026gt;98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 4; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSolubility\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"311\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSoluble in water or buffer solutions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eApplication\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"311\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 233.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eResearch use only (not for injection or human use)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhere to Buy COG1410 Peptide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhere to buy COG1410 peptide \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eonline? We provide high-purity, research-grade\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e COG1410 ApoE mimetic peptide\u003c\/b\u003e, available in bulk or small quantities for laboratories, universities, and R\u0026amp;D professionals. Ideal for formulations in brain injury, stroke, and neuroinflammation research.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":42005886926957,"sku":"QT-2007-2MG","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42005886959725,"sku":"QT-2007-10MG","price":780.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/product-3-2mg.png?v=1768923888"},{"product_id":"cog112","title":"COG112, ApoE Mimetic Peptide","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG112 ApoE Mimetic Peptide | Anti-Inflammatory \u0026amp; Neuroprotective Research Peptide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eProduct Overview:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG112 is a synthetic Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mimetic peptide designed by conjugating the receptor-binding domain of ApoE (COG133) with the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) antennapedia (Antp). This modification significantly enhances the peptide’s anti-inflammatory properties and neuroprotective effects compared to COG133 alone.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSequence:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eacetyl-YRQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKCLRVRLASHLRKLRKRLL-amide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eC\u003csub\u003e202\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e347\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e71\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e38\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e4460.51 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eKey Features and Uses:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eApoE mimetic peptide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCOG112 \u003c\/b\u003eis extensively studied for its ability to modulate inflammatory responses, primarily by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eExhibits potent \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eanti-inflammatory properties\u003c\/b\u003e useful for research into neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory bowel disease.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCompared to the original \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eApoE peptide COG133\u003c\/b\u003e, COG112 demonstrates enhanced cell penetration and therapeutic efficacy due to the CPP antennapedia conjugation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e   \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eRecent research highlights the role of COG112 in cancer biology by inhibiting the SET-Rac1 interaction, resulting in decreased cancer cell migration and invasion.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG112 peptide\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e is widely used in \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eanti-inflammatory uses\u003c\/b\u003e and\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e ApoE peptide research studies\u003c\/b\u003e to explore novel therapeutic applications.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eResearch Insights:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e    \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG112 vs COG133 ApoE peptide:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e The addition of the CPP domain in COG112 dramatically improves cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory activity compared to COG133 alone, making it a superior candidate for experimental therapies targeting inflammation and neuroprotection.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePotential applications include modulation of inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, and oncology research focused on tumor invasion and metastasis.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eProduct Applications:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eIdeal for scientists and researchers investigating:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eInflammatory signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB inhibition)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eNeuroprotection mechanisms\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCancer cell migration and invasion pathways\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eNovel peptide therapeutics development\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCAS #:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e NA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":42005892825197,"sku":"QT-2008-2MG","price":166.32,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42005892857965,"sku":"QT-2008-10MG","price":728.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/product-2-10mg.png?v=1768923697"},{"product_id":"cog449-op449","title":"COG449 (OP449), PP2A activator and SET inhibitor","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG449 (OP449) Peptide – PP2A Activator \u0026amp; SET Inhibitor for Anti-Cancer Research\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eProduct Name:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e COG449 (OP449)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eSynonyms:\u003c\/b\u003e OP449, SET Inhibitor, PP2A Activator\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eSequence:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e(Ac-RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKCLRVRLASHLRKLRKRLL-NH2)-BMOE-(Ac-RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKCLRVRLASHLRKLRKRLL-NH2)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/b\u003e C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₄₀₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₆₉₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₁₄₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₇₆\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/b\u003e 9223 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/b\u003e Not Available\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ePurity:\u003c\/b\u003e \u0026gt;98%\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eAppearance:\u003c\/b\u003e White to off-white powder\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eApplication:\u003c\/b\u003e For research use only\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eStorage:\u003c\/b\u003e −20°C (long term), sealed and protected from light and moisture\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eShipping:\u003c\/b\u003e Ambient (domestic); varies for international orders\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhat is COG449 (OP449)?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG449, also referred to as OP449, is a synthetic cell-penetrating peptide originally developed by Cognosci, Inc. and later advanced by Oncotide Pharmaceuticals. This research-grade peptide is a SET inhibitor that works by disrupting intracellular interactions critical for tumor survival and progression.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG449 targets and inhibits the SET oncoprotein, which is known to suppress the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A a well-established tumor suppressor. By blocking SET, COG449 peptide activates PP2A, potentially restoring its function in downregulating cancer-promoting pathways.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eThis peptide is being explored for its effects \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ein anti-cancer research, especially in hematologic malignancies and drug-resistant solid tumors.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG449 OP449 Peptide Benefits\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSET Inhibition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Restores tumor suppressor activity of PP2A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePP2A Activation:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Reactivates cellular control mechanisms over oncogenic signaling\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eEnhances Drug Sensitivity:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Potentially improves efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePreclinical Tumor Suppression:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation in multiple cancer models\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG449 PP2A Activator Uses in Cancer Research\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eLeukemia Studies:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Shows promise in suppressing cell viability in AML and CML models\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eLymphoma Research:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Investigated for effects in Burkitt’s lymphoma\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Demonstrates ability to interfere with tumor progression\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eDrug Resistance Investigations:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e Explored in combination therapies targeting tyrosine kinase resistance\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eChemical Specifications\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"MsoNormalTable\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"517\" style=\"margin-left: -5.0pt; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1536; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: cell-none; mso-border-insidev: cell-none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eProperty\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eDetails\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePeptide Sequence\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e(RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKCLRVRLASHLRKLRKRLL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₄₀₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₆₉₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₁₄₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₇₆\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₄\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 3; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e9223 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 4; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u0026gt;98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 5; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eForm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eLyophilized Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"135\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101.25pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eColor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"382\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 286.5pt; padding: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhite to off-white\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eBuy COG449 PP2A Activator Online\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eLooking to \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003ebuy COG449 OP449 peptide online\u003c\/b\u003e for your laboratory or institution? We supply high-purity COG449 peptide designed for advanced cancer and cell signaling research. Bulk quantities and custom packaging available for academic, biotech, or pharmaceutical research.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eImportant Note\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCOG449 is not intended for human or veterinary use. It is strictly for laboratory research purposes. The safety and efficacy in humans have not been established, and it has not received regulatory approval as a therapeutic agent.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":42006637838445,"sku":"QT-2009-2MG","price":289.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42006637871213,"sku":"QT-2009-10MG","price":918.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/product-1_2mg.png?v=1770176269"},{"product_id":"semax-peptide","title":"Semax Peptide","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSemax is a synthetic peptide developed based on the molecular structure of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is produced by the pituitary gland. It was originally used in Russia for the prevention and treatment of circulatory disorders such as stroke. It has the ability to enhance cognition, protect brain cells, and ward off depression.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow Semax Works?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemax works by stimulating certain parts of the brain involved in the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF are chemicals involved in neurogenesis (formation of new neurons in the brain) and survival of existing neurons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePotential Benefits of Semax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLowers the risk of heart disease [1-5]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoosts immunity [6-7]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccelerates wound healing [8-9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves brain health and performance [10-19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLowers the risk of stroke [20-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves mood [26-30]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of Semax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12635\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Semax.jpg\" alt=\"Semax\" width=\"765\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Semax.jpg 765w, https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Semax-300x254.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormula:\u003c\/strong\u003e    \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"Carbon\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e37\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan title=\"Hydrogen\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e51\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan title=\"Nitrogen\"\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan title=\"Oxygen\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan title=\"Sulfur\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight: \u003c\/strong\u003e   813.93 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS.#:\u003c\/strong\u003e 80714-61-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on Semax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLowers the Risk of Heart Disease\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of convincing studies show that Semax can help protect against heart disease:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, Semax produced beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling and decreased the risk of heart failure after a heart attack. [1]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, administration of Semax prevented the alteration of the heart’s function caused by the restriction of blood supply. [2]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study showed that Semax improved the functions of the cardiovascular system. [3]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats with experimental myocardial infarction, Semax increased heart rate and reduced stress on the different heart structures. [4]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat study reported that Semax can help increase heart rate by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart. [5]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBoosts Immunity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that Semaxcan help strengthen the immune system:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that Semax’s immune-modulating properties were effective in treating stress-induced immune imbalance. [6]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study also found that Semax can help boost immunity by regulating the activities of immune system cells. [7]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAccelerates Wound Healing\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemax has also been found to possess regenerative properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that Semax shortened the healing time of acetic ulcers by reducing inflammation in the ulcer zone. [8]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, Semaxinjections inhibited the formation of acetic acid ulcers. [9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImproves Brain Health and Performance\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn overwhelming body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of Semax on brain function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animal models, intranasal administration of Semaximproved learning and memory. [10]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, Semax administration improved cognitive function by stimulating the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). [11]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, Semaxshowed cognitive-enhancing effects with increased BDNF levels. [12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study suggested that Semax can help treat memory disorders associated with decreased blood supply to the brain. [13]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study showed that Semax can help protect against metal-induced brain toxicity. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, intranasal administration of Semax was effective in rapid and specific activation of BDNF and growth factor gene (NGF) in different brain regions. [15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats with Parkinson’s disease, Semax improved performance in a test assessing memory. [16]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that Semax can help improve learning ability by stabilizing the levels of the anti-stress peptides known as enkephalins. [17]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy volunteers, Semax increased the function of the default mode network of the brain. [18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn epileptic mice, Semax provided protective effects against learning and memory deficits. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLowers the Risk of Stroke\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAside from boosting brain function, Semax also has protective effects against stroke:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency, a condition characterized by obstruction in the brain arteries resulting in reduced blood supply, Semax treatment inhibited disease progression and reduced the risk of stroke attacks. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study showed that high doses of Semax (100-150 micrograms\/kg) prevented acute ischemic stroke. [21]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, Semax protected against injury caused by sudden blood flow to the brain. [22]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with stroke, Semax treatment had beneficial effects on the rate of restoration of the damaged neurological functions. [23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients who were at different stages of stroke, Semax administration accelerated functional recovery and improved motor performance. [24]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat study found that Semax prevented stroke by reducing the occlusion of brain arteries. [25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImproves Mood\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies also show that Semax has antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn white rats, Semax significantly diminished neonatal stress. [26]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that Semax can be a therapeutic option for depression. [27]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, Semax administration improved performance in a test assessing anxiety. [28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat study also found that Semax injections induced antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects after 1-14 days. [29]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rodents, Semax injections improved mood by increasing the levels of the brain chemical known as dopamine. [30]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAssociated Side Effects of Semax\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSemax side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on Semax. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of Semax. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with Semax even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003cbr\u003eSide effects associated with Semax may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHair loss\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscoloration of the nasal cavity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncrease in blood sugar levels of diabetic patients\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section7\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGavrilova SA, Golubeva AV, Lipina TV, Fominykh ES, Shornikova MV, Postnikov AB, Andrejeva LA, ChentsovIuS, Koshelev VB. [Protective effect of peptide semax (ACTH(4-7)Pro-Gly-Pro) on the rat heart rate after myocardial infarction]. Ross FiziolZhIm I M Sechenova. 2006 Nov;92(11):1305-21. Russian. PMID: 17385423.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGolubeva AV, Gavrilova SA, Lipina TV, Shornikova MV, Postnikov AB, Andreeva LA, ChentsovIuS, Koshelev VB. [Protective effect of peptide semax the rat heart in acute myocardial infarction]. Ross FiziolZhIm I M Sechenova. 2006 Jun;92(6):732-45. Russian. PMID: 16967870.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedvedeva EV, Dmitrieva VG, Povarova OV, Limborska SA, Skvortsova VI, Myasoedov NF, Dergunova LV. The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis. BMC Genomics. 2014 Mar 24;15:228. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2164-15-228. PMID: 24661604; PMCID: PMC3987924.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGavrilova SA, Markov MA, Berdalin AB, Kurenkova AD, Koshelev VB. Changes in Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart in Rats with Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Effect of Semax. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2017 Sep;163(5):617-619. doi: 10.1007\/s10517-017-3862-3. Epub 2017 Sep 25. PMID: 28948544.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArushanian EB, Popov AV. [Effect of semax on heart rate variability in various daytime periods]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2009 Mar-Apr;72(2):32-4. Russian. PMID: 19441725.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamotrueva MA, Yasenyavskaya AL, Murtalieva VK, Bashkina OA, Myasoedov NF, Andreeva LA, Karaulov AV. Experimental Substantiation of Application of Semax as a Modulator of Immune Reaction on the Model of “Social” Stress. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2019 Apr;166(6):754-758. doi: 10.1007\/s10517-019-04434-y. Epub 2019 Apr 26. PMID: 31028579.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvailable at \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.hilarispublisher.com\/proceedings\/the-action-of-neuroprotective-peptide-semax-on-the-expression-of-genes-affecting-the-activity-of-immune-system-in-rat-brain-focal-ischemia-24589.html\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.hilarispublisher.com\/proceedings\/the-action-of-neuroprotective-peptide-semax-on-the-expression-of-genes-affecting-the-activity-of-immune-system-in-rat-brain-focal-ischemia-24589.html\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhuĭkova SE, Badmaeva KE, Samonina GE, Plesskaia LG. Semaks i nekotoryegliprolinovyepeptidyuskoriaiutzazhivlenieatsetatnykhiazv u krys [Semax and some glyproline peptides accelerate the healing of acetic ulcers in rats]. EkspKlinGastroenterol. 2003;(4):88-92, 117. Russian. PMID: 14653248.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhuikova SE, Smirnova EA, Bakaeva ZV, Samonina GE, Ashmarin IP. Effect of Semax on homeostasis of gastric mucosa in albino rats. Bull ExpBiol Med. 2000 Sep;130(9):871-3. PMID: 11177268.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDolotov OV, Karpenko EA, Inozemtseva LS, Seredenina TS, Levitskaya NG, Rozyczka J, Dubynina EV, Novosadova EV, Andreeva LA, Alfeeva LY, Kamensky AA, Grivennikov IA, Myasoedov NF, Engele J. Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2006 Oct 30;1117(1):54-60. doi: 10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.07.108. Epub 2006 Sep 22. PMID: 16996037.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDolotov OV, Karpenko EA, Seredenina TS, Inozemtseva LS, Levitskaya NG, Zolotarev YA, Kamensky AA, Grivennikov IA, Engele J, Myasoedov NF. Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4-10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain. J Neurochem. 2006 Apr;97Suppl 1:82-6. doi: 10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03658.x. PMID: 16635254.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFirstovaIuIu, Dolotov OV, KondrakhineA, Dubynina EV, Grivennikov IA, Kovalev GI. [Effects of nootropic drugs on hippocampal and cortical BDNF levels in mice with different exploratory behavior efficacy]. EkspKlinFarmakol. 2009 Nov-Dec;72(6):3-6. Russian. PMID: 20095391.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIasnetsov VV, Krylova IN, Provornova NA. Farmakologicheskaiakorrektsiianarusheniĭmnesticheskikhfunktsiĭ, vyzvannykhgipoksieĭ i ishemieĭgolovnogomozga u krys [Pharmacological treatment of memory disorders caused by hypoxia and cerebral ischemia in rats]. AviakosmEkolog Med. 1998;32(1):55-60. Russian. PMID: 9606516.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTabbì G, Magrì A, Giuffrida A, Lanza V, Pappalardo G, Naletova I, Nicoletti VG, Attanasio F, Rizzarelli E. Semax, an ACTH4-10 peptide analog with high affinity for copper(II) ion and protective ability against metal induced cell toxicity. J InorgBiochem. 2015 Jan;142:39-46. doi: 10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Sep 28. PMID: 25310602.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgapovaTIu, AgniullinIaV, Silachev DN, Shadrina MI, Slominskiĭ PA, Shram SI, Limborskaia SA, Miasoedov NF. [Effect of semax on the temporary dynamics of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor gene expression in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex]. Mol Gen MikrobiolVirusol. 2008;(3):28-32. Russian. PMID: 18756821.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlominsky PA, Shadrina MI, Kolomin TA, et al. Peptides semax and selank affect the behavior of rats with 6-OHDA induced PD-like parkinsonism. DoklBiol Sci. 2017;474(1):106-109.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKost N. V., Sokolov O., Gabaeva M. V., Grivennikov I. A., Andreeva L. A., Miasoedov N. F., et al. . (2001). Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum. Bioorg. Khim. 27, 180–183.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLebedeva IS, Panikratova YR, Sokolov OY, Kupriyanov DA, Rumshiskaya AD, Kost NV, Myasoedov NF. Effects of Semax on the Default Mode Network of the Brain. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2018 Sep;165(5):653-656. doi: 10.1007\/s10517-018-4234-3. Epub 2018 Sep 17. PMID: 30225715.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScantlebury MH, Chun KC, Ma SC, Rho JM, Kim DY. Adrenocorticotropic hormone protects learning and memory function in epileptic Kcna1-null mice. Neurosci Lett. 2017 Apr 3;645:14-18. doi: 10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.02.069. Epub 2017 Feb 27. PMID: 28249786; PMCID: PMC5774237.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Chukanova EI. [Semax in prevention of disease progress and development of exacerbations in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency].ZhNevrolPsikhiatrIm S SKorsakova. 2005;105(2):35-40. Russian. PMID: 15792140.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiasoedova NF, Skvortsova VI, Nasonov EL, ZhuravlevaEIu, Grivennikov IA, Arsen’eva EL, Sukhanov II. Izucheniemekhanizmovneĭroprotektivnogodeĭstviiasemaksa v ostromperiodeishemicheskogoinsul’ta [Investigation of mechanisms of neuro-protective effect of semax in acute period of ischemic stroke].ZhNevrolPsikhiatrIm S SKorsakova. 1999;99(5):15-9. Russian. PMID: 10358912.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFilippenkov IB, Stavchansky VV, Denisova AE, et al. Novel Insights into the Protective Properties of ACTH(4-7)PGP (Semax) Peptide at the Transcriptome Level Following Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Genes (Basel). 2020;11(6):681. Published 2020 Jun 22. doi:10.3390\/genes11060681.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Miasoedov NF, Nezavibat’ko VN, ZhuravlevaEIu, Vanichkin AV. Effektivnost’ semaksa v ostromperiodepolusharnogoishemicheskogoinsul’ta (klinicheskoe i élektrofiziologicheskoeissledovanie) [Effectiveness of semax in acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke (a clinical and electrophysiological study)]. ZhNevrolPsikhiatrIm S SKorsakova. 1997;97(6):26-34. Russian. PMID: 11517472.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGusev EI, Martynov MY, Kostenko EV, Petrova LV, Bobyreva SN. Éffektivnost’ semaksaprilecheniibol’nykhnaraznykhstadiiakhishemicheskogoinsul’ta [The efficacy of semax in the tretament of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke]. ZhNevrolPsikhiatrIm S SKorsakova. 2018;118(3. Vyp. 2):61-68. Russian. doi: 10.17116\/jnevro20181183261-68. PMID: 29798983.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStavchanskiĭ VV, Tvorogova TV, BotsinaAIu, Skvortsova VI, Limborskaia SA, Miasoedov NF, Dergunova LV. [The effect of semax and its C-end peptide PGP on expression of the neurotrophins and their receptors in the rat brain during incomplete global ischemia]. MolBiol (Mosk). 2011 Nov-Dec;45(6):1026-35. Russian. PMID: 22295573.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolodina MA, Sebentsova EA, Glazova NY, et al. Correction of long-lasting negative effects of neonatal isolation in white rats using semax. ActaNaturae. 2012;4(1):86-92.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePae CU. Therapeutic possibility of “Semax” for depression. CNS Spectr. 2008 Jan;13(1):20-1. doi: 10.1017\/s1092852900016102. PMID: 18204410.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevitskaia NG, Vilenskiĭ DA, Sebentsova EA, Anreeva LA, Kamenskiĭ AA, Miasoedov NF. [Influence of Semax on the emotional state of white rats in the norm and against the background of cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide action]. IzvAkadNaukSer Biol. 2010 Mar-Apr;(2):231-7. Russian. PMID: 20387390.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVilenskiĭ DA, Levitskaia NG, Andreeva LA, AlfeevaLIu, Kamenskiĭ AA, Miasoedov NF. [Effects of chronic Semax administration on exploratory activity and emotional reaction in white rats]. Ross FiziolZhIm I M Sechenova. 2007 Jun;93(6):661-9. Russian. PMID: 17850024.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEremin KO, Kudrin VS, Saransaari P, Oja SS, Grivennikov IA, Myasoedov NF, Rayevsky KS. Semax, an ACTH(4-10) analogue with nootropic properties, activates dopaminergic and serotoninergic brain systems in rodents. Neurochem Res. 2005 Dec;30(12):1493-500. doi: 10.1007\/s11064-005-8826-8. PMID: 16362768.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42261701361773,"sku":"QT-2100-20MG","price":58.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-2100_Semax-20mg.png?v=1768879409"},{"product_id":"n-acetyl-semax-peptide","title":"N-Acetyl Semax","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Semax\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic polypeptide analogous to the naturally occurring adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The peptide is similar to a fragment from the adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH (4-7), specifically Met-Glu-His-Phe, combined with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension at the C-terminus.\u003csup\u003e(1)\u003c\/sup\u003e The addition of Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) to \u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Semax\u003c\/strong\u003e might enable an enhanced permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by increasing the peptide's lipophilicity via improving passive diffusion or uptake via lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, which may potentially allow it to bypass the tight junctions of the BBB. The PGP addition at the C-terminus might also alter the peptide's interaction with specific BBB transporters or receptors, possibly promoting receptor-mediated transcytosis. Additionally, the acetylation of the peptide might increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation, prolonging its half-life in experimental models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Semax\u003c\/strong\u003e appears to exhibit potential nootropic (memory enhancing) and neuroprotective characteristics, which researchers have proposed may be produced via several routes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBy potentially interacting with dopamine, serotonin, enkephalin, and brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) levels;\u003csup\u003e(2)(3)\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOr by potentially modulating gene expression and increasing the efficacy of the immune system.\u003csup\u003e(4)\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on studies suggesting that the peptide may inhibit serum enkephalin-degrading enzymes, it is plausible to hypothesize about the interactions between Semax and enkephalins. Researchers suggest Semax's inhibitory potential on enkephalin-degrading enzymes may lead to an increase in the levels of enkephalins by preventing their degradation. Enkephalins are endogenous opioids that are considered to play roles in nociception and stress response. Further, an increase in enkephalin levels might also influence other neurotransmitter systems due to the complex interplay between the opioid system and neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.\u003csup\u003e(2)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to studies, Semax may potentially increase the striatal levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a serotonin metabolite, suggesting a possible enhancement of serotonergic activity. This potential action on serotonin metabolism might amplify serotonin-mediated pathways, possibly influencing central nervous system functioning. On the other hand, Semax does not appear to directly alter dopamine levels or its metabolites. Still, it may modulate the dopaminergic system's responsiveness, enhancing the dopaminergic agonists' action.\u003csup\u003e(5)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Info\u003csup\u003e(6)\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C\u003csub\u003e37\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e51\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 858.97 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynonyms:\u003c\/strong\u003e ACTH (4-7)PGP, HY-P1146\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch and Clinical Studies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Semax and Nootropic Potential\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA study\u003csup\u003e(5)\u003c\/sup\u003e was conducted on experimental rodents to determine the nootropic potential of ACTH hormone and its analogs, such as Semax. After exposure to Semax, all tested rodents were examined for 5-hyrodxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels. Based on the results, it was noted that the 5-HIAA levels increased by 25% after just 2 hours following exposure; they increased progressively up to a maximum of 180% after 4 hours. As per Kirill O Eremin \u003cem\u003eet al., “Our results reveal the positive modulatory [action] of Semax on the striatal serotonergic system and the ability of Semax to enhance both the striatal release of dopamine and locomotor behavior elicited by D-amphetamine.”\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn another research study,\u003csup\u003e(7) \u003c\/sup\u003eexperimental models under excessive stress conditions were exposed to Semax. Upon analyzing behavior 24 hours after peptide exposure, it was noted that they appeared to show signs of enhanced memory and attention. As per the reports, \u003cem\u003e\"In the majority of cases, the peptide exhibited positive [actions], and in no case did it produce negative side actions or complications connected with its administration. There is good reason to believe that … potentialities of Semax have not been exhausted and in the future new possibilities … will be revealed.\"\u003c\/em\u003e The study is shared here for educational and research purposes, and studies on the Semax peptide are still being conducted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Semax and SSRI Interaction\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants. In pregnant research models, the compounds may risk passing through the placenta and impacting fetal brain development. In a preclinical research study,\u003csup\u003e(8)\u003c\/sup\u003e experimental rats aged between 1 and 14 days were presented first with an SSRI compound, followed by the Semax peptide. After 4 weeks, it was observed that the rats exposed to SSRIs showcased anxious behavior, especially when exposed to new stimuli. When they were given the Semax peptide, these same rats later reportedly exhibited a reduction in their anxiety levels and potential enhancement in their learning abilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Semax and Separation Anxiety\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYoung offspring face separation anxiety when they are away from their mothers. Separating for a prolonged period may lead to impaired emotional reactivity. A research study\u003csup\u003e(9)\u003c\/sup\u003e examined young rats facing maternal deprivation. After four weeks of separation from their mothers, these rats reportedly exhibited increased anxiety and excessive physical activity. When the rats were presented with Semax, their reactions improved, indicating reduced anxiety. As per M. A. Volodina \u003cem\u003eet al., \u003c\/em\u003ethese results suggest that “\u003cem\u003eSemax [weakens] the impact of deprivation on animal body weight and [normalizes] the levels of anxiety in rats\u003c\/em\u003e.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Semax and the Cardiovascular System\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor this study,\u003csup\u003e(10)\u003c\/sup\u003e rodents were induced with myocardial infarction (MI), which may lead to vascular damage. These rodents were then divided into two groups – one was given \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.corepeptides.com\/peptides\/semax-25mg\/\" title=\"Semax for sale - 25mg\"\u003eSemax peptide\u003c\/a\u003e for six days, and the second was given a placebo. Following 28 days after the occurrence of myocardial infarction, it was reported by the researchers that the control rodents appeared to exhibit reduced arterial blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy, both of which may signal impending heart failure. In contrast, the peptide-exposed rodents reportedly exhibited signs of prevention of diastolic blood pressure, which may indicate possible remodeling of the heart ventricle and inhibition of heart failure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Semax and Neuroprotection\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a clinical study,\u003csup\u003e(11)\u003c\/sup\u003e research models of ischemic strokes were evaluated for 10 days. Of these, 30% were presented with conventional compounds and the Semax peptide, while the remaining 70% were presented with conventional compounds only. After 10 days, all models were examined via electroencephalogram (EEG). Based on the EEG mapping, the researchers reported that the experimental group exposed to both the peptide and compound exhibited apparently notable improvement in restoring damaged brain activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Semax peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our Terms and Conditions before ordering.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT. Kolomin et al., A New Generation of Drugs: Synthetic Peptides based on Natural Regulatory peptides. Neuroscience \u0026amp; Medicine, 2013, 223-252. Published Online December 2013. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4236\/nm.2013.44035\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4236\/nm.2013.44035\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKost NV, Sokolov OIu, Gabaeva MV, Grivennikov IA, Andreeva LA, Miasoedov NF, Zozulia AA. Ingibiruiushchee deĭstvie semaksa i selanka na énkefalindegradiruiushchie fermenty syvorotki krovi cheloveka [Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum]]. Bioorg Khim. 2001 May-Jun;27(3):180-3. Russian. doi: 10.1023\/a:1011373002885. PMID: 11443939. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11443939\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11443939\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShih-Jen Tsai, Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4–10), is a potential agent for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Rett syndrome, Medical Hypotheses, Volume 68, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1144-1146. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.07.017\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.07.017\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedvedeva, E.V., Dmitrieva, V.G., Povarova, O.V. et al. The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis. BMC Genomics 15, 228 (2014). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-15-228\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-15-228\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEremin KO, Kudrin VS, Saransaari P, Oja SS, Grivennikov IA, Myasoedov NF, Rayevsky KS. Semax, an ACTH(4-10) analogue with nootropic properties, activates dopaminergic and serotoninergic brain systems in rodents. Neurochem Res. 2005 Dec;30(12):1493-500. doi: 10.1007\/s11064-005-8826-8. PMID: 16362768. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16362768\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16362768\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9811102, Semax.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsmarin IP, Nezavibat'ko VN, Miasoedov NF, Kamenskiĭ AA, Grivennikov IA, Ponomareva-Stepnaia MA, Andreeva LA, Kaplan AIa, Koshelev VB, Riasina TV. Nootropnyĭ analog adrenokortikotropina 4-10-semaks (15-letniĭ opyt razrabotki i izucheniia) [A nootropic adrenocorticotropin analog 4-10-semax (l5 years experience in its design and study)]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1997 Mar-Apr;47(2):420-30. Russian. PMID: 9173745. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9173745\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9173745\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNataliya Yu. Glazova, Daria M. Manchenko, Maria A. Volodina, Svetlana A. Merchieva, Ludmila A. Andreeva, Vladimir S. Kudrin, Nikolai F. Myasoedov, Natalia G. Levitskaya, Semax, synthetic ACTH(4–10) analog, attenuates behavioural and neurochemical alterations following early-life fluvoxamine exposure in white rats, Neuropeptides, Volume 86, 2021, 102114, ISSN 0143-4179. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2020.102114\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2020.102114\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolodina MA, Sebentsova EA, Glazova NY, Levitskaya NG, Andreeva LA, Manchenko DM, Kamensky AA, Myasoedov NF. Semax attenuates the influence of neonatal maternal deprivation on the behavior of adolescent white rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2012 Mar;152(5):560-3. English, Russian. doi: 10.1007\/s10517-012-1574-2. PMID: 22803132. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22803132\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22803132\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGavrilova SA, Golubeva AV, Lipina TV, Fominykh ES, Shornikova MV, Postnikov AB, Andrejeva LA, Chentsov IuS, Koshelev VB. [Protective effect of peptide semax (ACTH(4-7)Pro-Gly-Pro) on the rat heart rate after myocardial infarction]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2006 Nov;92(11):1305-21. Russian. PMID: 17385423. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17385423\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17385423\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Miasoedov NF, Nezavibat'ko VN, Zhuravleva EIu, Vanichkin AV. Effektivnost' semaksa v ostrom periode polusharnogo ishemicheskogo insul'ta (klinicheskoe i élektrofiziologicheskoe issledovanie) [Effectiveness of semax in acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke (a clinical and electrophysiological study)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1997;97(6):26-34. Russian. PMID: 11517472. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11517472\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11517472\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42263034626157,"sku":"QT-2101-20MG","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-2101_Selank-20mg.png?v=1768879153"},{"product_id":"nmn-β-nicotinamide-mononucleotide","title":"NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"section1\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN (β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a natural molecule produced by the body and is classified as a nucleotide. Nucleotides are involved in a wide array of important bodily functions, including as the building blocks of DNA. Within the cells, NMN is converted into another molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes such as DNA repair, immune function, conversion of food into a usable form of energy called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and regulation of circadian rhythm. In simple terms, NMN is the raw material and NAD+ is the refined version that the body can actually use to perform essential biological processes. In addition, the amount of NAD+ that the body can produce greatly depends on the available NMN.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ is not very bioavailable. This means that ingesting it directly will not achieve its therapeutic or desired effects. Therefore, one of the most effective ways of boosting NAD+ levels is through NMN supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOverall Health Benefits of NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supports overall health by extending lifespan, producing anti-aging effects, enhancing cognitive and cardiovascular function, improving metabolic health, boosting immunity, and promoting organ health, including the liver, kidneys, and eyes. It also helps combat inflammation, cancer, diabetes symptoms, and supports fertility, energy levels, and weight management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtends lifespan [1-12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduces anti-aging effects [13-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves cognitive function [26-40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLowers the risk of cardiovascular disease [41-55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFights cancer [56-63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves blood sugar levels and treats diabetes symptoms [16, 64-74]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFights inflammation [75-78]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves fertility [79-85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves eye health [86-100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoosts immune function [14, 101-110]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases energy levels [111-117]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePromotes weight loss [118-120]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreats stroke [121-124]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves liver health [125-132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves kidney health [133-137]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Takeaways\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNAD+ Booster:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme in cellular energy production. NAD+ levels decline with age, leading to reduced cellular function. Supplementing with NMN can help restore NAD+ levels, supporting overall health and potentially slowing aspects of aging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAnti-Aging Potential:\u003c\/b\u003e Research suggests NMN may help mitigate age-related decline by promoting cellular repair, enhancing mitochondrial function, and improving metabolic processes. These benefits have made NMN a popular supplement in anti-aging and longevity circles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMetabolic Health Benefits:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN supplementation has been associated with improvements in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and overall metabolic health, which may benefit conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCardiovascular and Neuroprotection:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN shows promise in protecting cardiovascular health by supporting blood vessel function. Additionally, some studies suggest it may offer neuroprotective effects, helping to maintain cognitive function and potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSafety and Dosage:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN is generally considered safe at typical dosages used in studies (ranging from 250-500 mg daily). However, research is ongoing, and while early results are promising, long-term effects and optimal dosage need further exploration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section4\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow NMN Works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20963\" title=\"What Is An Average Dose Of Naltrexone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Nicotinamide-Mononucleotide-Infographic-02-1024x539.jpg\" alt=\"Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide\" width=\"950\" height=\"633\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe health benefits of NMN can be attributed to its ability to boost NAD+ levels. Once NMN is converted into NAD+, activation of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) function in the nucleus of cells happens. SIRT1 is an enzyme that helps regulate proteins involved in cellular metabolism and processes associated with longevity, inflammation, and stress. In addition, the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels counteracts age-related mitochondrial deterioration by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, a process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20963\" title=\"What Is An Average Dose Of Naltrexone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Nicotinamide-Mononucleotide-Chemical-Bond.jpg\" alt=\"Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide\" width=\"576\" height=\"343\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA. Extends Lifespan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the cells, NMN is converted into NAD+ which plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN can contribute to a longer lifespan. Studies show that people with higher NAD+ levels have a longer lifespan compared to those with lower NAD+ levels. [1-5]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that increases longevity is through increasing sirtuin (SIRT) activity which is associated with stable telomeres (located at chromosomes ends). This in turn helps attenuate the age-related telomere shortening which is linked to a shorter lifespan. [6] NMN boosts NAD+ levels which cause activation of SIRT, resulting in stable and longer telomeres. This process helps extends lifespan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via SIRT1 activation. Mitochondrial biogenesis is characterized by the production of new mitochondria (the powerhouse of cells) and is essential for a longer lifespan since mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various age-related diseases and a shorter lifespan. [7-8]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe longevity effects of NMN are backed by a number of studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN maintained telomere length, reduced the DNA damage response, improved mitochondrial function, and rescued liver fibrosis (scarring) in a partially SIRT1-dependent manner. [9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing sirtuin activity is known to stabilize telomeres and attenuate age-related telomere shortening. [10] Since the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve chromosome stability and longer telomeres.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rodent model of decompensated hemorrhagic shock, rats that received NMN had decreased inflammation, improved cellular metabolism, and increased survival. [11]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive neurodegeneration, the addition of NMN in the drinking water of the subjects normalized neuromuscular function, delayed memory loss, and extended lifespan. [12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB. Anti-Aging Effects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial aging contributes to cellular senescence (also known as biological aging), increased inflammation, decreased stem cell activity, reduced healing rate, and a decline in tissue and organ function. [13] Interestingly, studies show that the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels produces anti-aging effects such as increasing mitochondrial numbers, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotion of chromosome stability via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), stimulation of DNA repair, and maintaining telomere length:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe administration of NMN via injections in elderly mice reversed age-related mitochondrial deterioration. It was observed that declining NAD+ levels were associated with interruptions in the normal signaling between the cell’s nucleus and mitochondria and that raising NAD+ levels via NMN administration restored the communication between these cellular structures. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly mice, treatment with NMN improved blood flow and increased endurance via the promotion of SIRT1-dependent increases in capillary density. [15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of NMN prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [16]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy men, the single oral administration of NMN was safe and effectively metabolized without any adverse effects, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate disorders related to aging. [17-18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN effectively mitigated the age-associated physiological decline in the lungs of old mice and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in young mice. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN treatment promoted mitochondrial rejuvenation and decreased inflammation. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn pre-aging male mice, oral short-term administration of NMN significantly increased telomere length. [21]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElevating NAD+ levels has been shown to slow down various mechanisms associated with aging such as decreased energy production in the mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cognitive impairment, and inflammation. [22-23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has been shown to slow down age-related changes in the skin by restoring skin homeostasis, protecting against oxidative stress, increasing mitochondrial efficiency, and reducing excess melanin production. [24-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eC. Improves Cognitive Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA decline in NAD+ levels is associated with brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other conditions that cause cognitive impairment. [26] By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN can lower the risk for these medical conditions. Another interesting mechanism is that the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels can decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are linked to various brain disorders. Moreover, NMN can also help reverse the age-related cognitive decline by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of NMN on cognitive function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn an Alzheimer’s disease-relevant murine model, NMN treatment restored mitochondrial respiratory function in the brain. [27]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease, NMN treatment significantly decreased the production of β-amyloid (abnormal protein structures), loss of nerve signaling, and inflammatory response. [28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment, NMN protected against cognitive decline. [29]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older rats, NMN treatment at a dose of 100 mg\/kg alleviated aging-induced \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/hormone-therapy\/womens-hormones\/hormone-imbalance-in-women\/menopause\/symptoms-of-menopause\/memory-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ememory\u003c\/a\u003e impairment via modulation of mitochondrial function and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the brain. [30]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn D-galactose-induced aging rat models, the combination of NMN and lycopene improved the ability of spatial location learning and memory. [31]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN ameliorated neuronal damage and cognitive impairment caused by severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels). [32]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN protected against diabetes-induced memory deficits by preserving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function and preventing neuronal loss. [33]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the brain cells of aged rats, NMN treatment increased the formation of new blood vessels and decreased the production of oxidative stress. [34]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, NMN protected against β-amyloid oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal death. [35]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN supplementation improved cognitive function by ameliorating age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. [36]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NMN can help improve cognitive function by promoting the renewal of neural stem\/progenitor cells (NSPCs) via SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6. [37-38]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, short-term NMN supplementation improved the sensory processing aspect of some aversive stimuli, suggesting that the treatment can treat cognitive impairments and enhance the quality of life in old age. [39]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), ameliorated mitochondrial inhibitor-induced impairments of energy metabolism and inhibited death of brain cells. [40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eD. Lowers the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels activates SIRT1, which in turn increases the production of cardioprotective molecules, such as MnSOD (antioxidants), Trx1 (antioxidants), and Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic). [41] In addition, SIRT1 activation can also help protect the heart from inflammation and oxidative stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompelling evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN protected against heart injury caused by insufficient blood flow (ischemia). [42]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study suggests that NMN exerts its cardioprotective effects by generating adenosine triphosphate via glucose breakdown. [43]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with ischemia, NMN (62.5mg\/kg) dramatically ameliorated injury and significantly improved the neurological outcome. [44]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN treatment prevented post-ischemic depletion of mitochondrial NAD+, suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation, and reduced oxidative stress via SIRT3-dependent mechanisms. [45-46]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the heart cells of mice, short-term administration of NMN preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced oxidative stress, and prevented cell death in the heart. [47]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies reported that NMN administration in patients with intractable cardiac diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may produce beneficial effects. [48-49]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and programmed cell death. [50]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged male rats, NMN counteracted damage to the heart muscle by activating SIRT3\/FOXO1 and reducing programmed cell death. [51]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with heart scarring, NMN administration via injections reduced scarring by suppressing oxidative stress and Smad3 acetylation in a NAD+\/SIRT1-dependent manner. [52]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN administration increased NAD+ levels and protected against ischemic heart injury. [53-55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eE. Fights Cancer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial respiration malfunction and increased glucose uptake are mechanisms observed in cancer cells. [56] The NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels has been shown to increase mitochondrial respiration and reduce glucose (blood sugar) uptake, indicating that NMN may help combat cancer. Another important mechanism is that NMN increases NAD+ levels which in turn activates SIRT1 and SIRT6, both of which inhibit the growth and spread of tumors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies support the anti-cancer properties of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels is associated with cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death of malignant cells, enhanced efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy, and prevention of cancer cell progression. [57-61]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has been shown to combat cancer by boosting cellular energy and enhancing DNA repair activity. [62]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has also been shown to enhance colorectal cancer cell-kill by the chemotherapeutic drug Tiazofurin. [63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eF. Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Diabetes Symptoms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the ability to improve the body’s response to the hormone insulin, which helps blood sugar enter the cells. This process is called insulin sensitivity. With increased insulin sensitivity, blood sugar stays at healthy levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe blood sugar-lowering effects of NMN and its benefits on diabetes symptoms are backed by a number of studies:In mice, the administration of NMN prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [16]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn prediabetic women, NMN supplementation at 250 mg\/day increased muscle insulin sensitivity. [64]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, increased NAD+ levels induced by NMN improved blood glucose and lipid homeostasis by increasing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3. [65-66]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice with type 2 diabetes, NMN improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles. [67]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN treatment ameliorated NAD+ deficiency and improved insulin secretion. [68]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with fructose, a type of sugar, administration of NMN restored insulin secretion by correcting inflammation of the islet of the pancreas (responsible for insulin production). [69]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NMN supplementation for 12 months decreased insulin resistance in mice. [70-71]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, NMN administered via intravenous injections improved glucose tolerance. [72]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NMN can stimulate insulin secretion. [73]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn lean type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas (anti-diabetic medication), NMN improved insulin secretion and metabolic control. [74]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eG.Fights Inflammation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the potential to suppress inflammaging, which is the age-related increase in inflammation. Specifically, NMN has been found to suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that synthesizes the proinflammatory mediators known as prostaglandins. With this effect, NMN can help treat and ward off a wide array of inflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA convincing number of studies support the anti-inflammatory effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via suppression of COX-2. [75]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aging mice, NMN reduced inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). [76]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with inflammation of the abdomen due to blood infection, NMN prevented clinical deterioration and improved survival. [77]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NMN inhibited endothelial inflammation and improved the function of nitric oxide (a substance that widens the blood vessels). [78]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eH. Improves Fertility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the capacity to improve male and female fertility. It does this by improving the quality of both the egg cell and sperm cell. This in turn ensures successful fertilization and pregnancy. In addition, NMN can also help reverse some of the effects of aging on the reproductive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe beneficial effects of NMN on male and female reproductive health are backed by a number of studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animal subjects, NMN supplementation protected egg cell quality against environmental pollutant-induced deterioration, contributing to improved fertility. [79]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged animals, treatment with the NAD+ metabolic precursor NMN rejuvenated egg cell quality, leading to the restoration of fertility. [80-81]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN supplementation improved the quality of porcine egg cells under heat stress by restoring cell division. [82]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupplementation of NMN improved the quality of postovulatory aged porcine egg cells. [83]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn female mice, NMN supplementation improved egg cell quality by restoring mitochondrial structures. [84]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, NMN treatment significantly increased the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatogenic cells and sperms. [85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Improves Eye Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRestoration of NAD+ through NMN supplementation can help protect photoreceptors (special cells in the retina that converts light into signals that are sent to the brain) against light-induced retinal damage. [86-87] The exact mechanism of NMN-induced eye protection can be attributed to SIRT1 activation since it is essential in the development and survival of the retina. Alterations in SIRT1 activity have been linked to various eye conditions such as aged retina, diabetic retinopathy, light-induced retinal degeneration, and oxygen-induced retinal damage. [88-93]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NMN supplementation is essential for eye health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment increased NAD+ levels and improved cell viability, reduced programmed cell death, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in corneal epithelial cells. [94]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn high-glucose-treated human corneal epithelial cells, NMN increased cell viability by reversing cell damage, reducing programmed cell death, increasing cell migration, and restoring the structures of corneal cells. [95]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that NMN supplementation can treat glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration by correcting NAD+ pool depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. [96]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (cellular dysfunction and death after the restoration of blood flow to tissues with previously impaired blood circulation), NMN injection significantly suppressed retinal functional damage and inflammation and protected against oxidative stress-induced cell death. [97]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a photoreceptor degenerative model of retinal detachment, NMN administration exerted neuroprotective effects on photoreceptors and against oxidative injury. [98]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN effectively prevented ultraviolet B light-induced tissue damage and endothelial cell death in the mouse cornea. [99]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with corneal injury, the replenishment of NMN or NAD+ slowed down corneal nerve fiber degeneration by restoring the activation levels of SIRT1. [100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJ. Boosts Immune Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe age-related shortening of telomeres adversely affects immune function, thus, increasing the risk of severe infection, inflammatory conditions, and chronic diseases. [101-103] Interestingly, NMN boosts NAD+ levels which in turn activates SIRT1. As a result, the telomeres lengthen and become more stable. Moreover, NMN has anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to regulate the activity of certain cells of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA good deal of evidence supports the immune-boosting effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment of 24-month-old mice with NMN for 1 week significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNFα and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn young and older mice, NMN augmented the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells of the immune system. [104]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels can help improve immune function by promoting cell survival, DNA repair, and enhanced intercellular communication. [105-106]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestoring normal NAD+ levels via NMN can decrease the severity of immune reactions in patients with COVID-19 infection. [107]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn increase in NAD+ levels was associated with significant immunomodulatory effects such as modulation of cytokine action, regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecules, blockage of mast cell degranulation, and inhibition of protease release from leukocytes. [108-110]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eK. Increases Energy Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSirtuins play a critical role in regulating various cellular functions including energy metabolism, stress resistance, and circadian rhythm neuronal function – all of which are essential for increasing energy levels. [111-112] Since NMN activates SIRT1 by increasing NAD+ levels, it may help boost energy levels and reduce fatigue. Moreover, NAD+ is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is needed by the cells to perform various biological functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn increasing number of studies support the beneficial effects of NMN on energy levels and medical conditions that cause fatigue:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older adults, NMN intake in the afternoon for 12 weeks effectively improved sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance as evidenced by improved lower limb function and reduced drowsiness. [113]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn amateur runners, NMN supplementation for 6 weeks increased the aerobic capacity during \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/exercises\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eexercise\u003c\/a\u003e training via enhanced O2 utilization of the skeletal muscle. [114]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy young and elderly mice, NMN supplementation at 500 mg\/kg\/d with exercise training increased endurance performance. [115-116]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaising intracellular NAD+ levels through NMN supplementation can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome by improving neurological function, promoting energy production, and lowering fatigue. [117]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL. Promotes Weight Loss\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN can help promote \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/services\/medical-weight-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eweight loss\u003c\/a\u003e via different mechanisms such as increased energy expenditure and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Increased energy expenditure prevents excess fat storage. With enhanced insulin sensitivity, the body responds well to the effects of insulin which in turn prevents high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) which is associated with increased adiposity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that NMN is beneficial for achieving a healthier weight because of its fat-burning properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy individuals, the intravenous administration of NMN significantly reduced blood triglyceride (TG) levels and fat accumulation in the liver. [118]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with severe insulin resistance, NMN treatment reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and adiponectin (a hormone produced by fat cells). [119]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese female mice, NMN reduced adiposity and improved glucose and markers of mitochondrial function. [120]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eM. Treats Stroke\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off. NMN has the ability to widen the blood vessels which can help restore blood flow to the brain. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of NMN can help relieve brain swelling associated with stroke.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies suggest that NMN treatment is beneficial in treating the symptoms of stroke and improving recovery outcomes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with brain injury caused by stroke, NMN treatment for 7 days markedly promoted the recovery of body weight and neurological function via suppression of brain inflammation and oxidative stress. [121]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock due to stroke, NMN significantly improved survival after resuscitation. [122]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNAD replenishment with NMN protected blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuated brain changes caused by significant bleeding. [123]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment attenuated traumatic brain injury in mice via restoration of NAD+ levels. [124]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eN. Improves Liver Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN boosts NAD+ levels resulting in SIRT1 activation. This process is essential in liver health as SIRT1 activation improves cholesterol, fat, and lipid transport as well as fatty acid homeostasis in the liver. [125-127]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NMN can improve liver function and protect against liver disease:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment can help protect against liver injury by raising NAD+ levels. [128]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn increase in NAD+ has been shown to protect against aging-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like liver dysfunction in mice. [129]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased NAD+ levels can prevent the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by influencing the oxidative stress response, programmed cell death, and inflammatory response. [130]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mouse models of liver cirrhosis (scarring), NMN treatment inhibited the production of substances that cause liver inflammation and scarring. [131]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN administration protected against oxidative stress-induced liver injury. [132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eO. Improves Kidney Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-aging effects of NMN can also help address the age-related decline in kidney function. Reduced levels of NAD+ are associated with reduced sirtuin activity which in turn causes deterioration in the overall function of the kidneys. The ability of NMN to boost NAD+ levels activates SIRT1 which can possibly mitigate the negative effects of aging on the kidneys.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that NMN can help address kidney problems associated with aging and certain medical conditions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice with acute kidney injury, NMN supplementation improved kidney function via restoration of renal SIRT1 activity and NAD+ content. [133]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn human kidney cells, NMN suppressed DNA damage and senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide and hypoxia (low oxygen). [134]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, short-term NMN treatment ameliorated adriamycin-induced kidney damage by increasing SIRT1. [135]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with kidney complications due to diabetes, NMN treatment increased kidney concentrations of NAD+ and SIRT1, improved survival rates, and alleviated kidney scarring. [136-137]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section10\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide Side Effects\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on NMN. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of NMN. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with NMN even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSide effects associated with NMN may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdominal distension\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdominal pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBelching\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiarrhea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFatigue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFever\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlatus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMuscle pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSense of hunger\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section11\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Supplement (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplement)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a molecule that occurs naturally in the body and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous biological processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and cellular aging. NMN supplements aim to boost NAD+ levels, which tend to decline with age, potentially supporting overall health and longevity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NMN supplements has been promising, suggesting they may have various health benefits. Studies in animals have indicated that NMN can improve metabolic health, enhance physical activity, and slow down certain aspects of aging. In humans, preliminary research suggests that NMN supplementation may help improve insulin sensitivity, increase muscle strength, and support cardiovascular health, although more extensive clinical trials are needed to fully understand its effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the potential benefits, NMN supplements should be approached with caution. The supplement industry is not strictly regulated, so the quality and effectiveness of NMN products can vary. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section12\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide vs Nicotinamide Riboside (NMN vs NR)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are both compounds that play a role in the production of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism and DNA repair. NMN is a direct precursor to NAD+, meaning it is converted into NAD+ more directly within cells. This pathway potentially makes NMN a more efficient option for boosting NAD+ levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a slightly different compound that also contributes to NAD+ synthesis but through a more indirect route. NR is first converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) before being transformed into NAD+. This extra step may influence its effectiveness compared to NMN. However, research suggests that NR is still highly effective in increasing NAD+ levels and has demonstrated various health benefits in studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth NMN and NR have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies for their potential anti-aging effects, including improving metabolic health and enhancing physical endurance. While both compounds seem to offer similar benefits, the choice between NMN and NR might come down to individual preferences or specific health goals. Ongoing research continues to explore their comparative efficacy and optimal use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section13\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Powder?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN powder is a dietary supplement derived from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a naturally occurring compound in the body that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme essential for energy production, DNA repair, and various metabolic processes. As we age, NAD+ levels decline, which can impact overall health and vitality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementing with NMN powder is believed to help boost NAD+ levels, potentially counteracting some effects of aging and supporting cellular function. Research into NMN’s benefits is ongoing, but preliminary studies suggest that it may enhance physical endurance, improve cognitive function, and promote healthier aging by improving cellular energy production and repair mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN powder is typically taken as a dietary supplement in capsule or powdered form. While promising, it’s important to approach NMN with a balanced perspective, as more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects and benefits. Consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen is recommended to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and goals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section14\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Sublingual?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN sublingual refers to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) delivered via a sublingual method, meaning it is taken under the tongue. NMN is a compound that plays a crucial role in the production of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme involved in various biological processes, including energy metabolism and cellular repair. By delivering NMN directly under the tongue, the supplement can be absorbed more rapidly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system and potentially increasing its effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sublingual form of NMN is designed to offer faster absorption and higher bioavailability compared to oral tablets or capsules. This method leverages the rich blood supply under the tongue, which allows for quicker entry into the systemic circulation. Consequently, users might experience more immediate effects and enhanced benefits related to NMN’s role in promoting cellular health and combating age-related decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany proponents of NMN sublingual supplements believe they can contribute to improved energy levels, cognitive function, and overall vitality. Research into NMN’s potential benefits is ongoing, but preliminary studies suggest that enhancing NAD+ levels may have positive effects on aging and various health conditions. As with any supplement, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting NMN sublingual to ensure it is appropriate for individual health needs and conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section15\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNMN Body Building\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has gained attention in the bodybuilding community for its potential benefits in enhancing physical performance and recovery. NMN is a precursor to Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in cellular energy production and metabolism. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN may improve muscle endurance, reduce fatigue, and promote more efficient recovery after intense workouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NMN’s impact on bodybuilding is still emerging, but some studies suggest it could help mitigate age-related declines in muscle function and strength. As we age, NAD+ levels naturally decrease, which can contribute to decreased muscle mass and performance. Supplementing with NMN might counteract these effects, helping bodybuilders maintain their muscle mass and strength over time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, NMN’s potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could offer further advantages for bodybuilders. Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation can help in preventing exercise-induced muscle damage and speeding up recovery. While more research is needed to fully understand NMN’s effects, its role in supporting cellular health makes it an intriguing option for those looking to enhance their bodybuilding regimen.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReference\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eBieganowski P, Brenner C. Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside as a nutrient and conserved NRK genes establish a Preiss-Handler independent route to NAD+ in fungi and humans. Cell. 2004 May 14;117(4):495-502. doi: 10.1016\/s0092-8674(04)00416-7. PMID: 15137942.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eYang, N. C., Cho, Y. H., \u0026amp; Lee, I. (2019). 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Free radical biology \u0026amp; medicine, 162, 571–581. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.014\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.014\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eLuo, C., Ding, W., Yang, C., Zhang, W., Liu, X., \u0026amp; Deng, H. (2022). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Restores Redox Homeostasis via the Sirt3-Nrf2 Axis and Protects Aged Mice from Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury. 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Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 28(8), 2337–2352. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040385\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040385\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eJia, Y., Kang, X., Tan, L., Ren, Y., Qu, L., Tang, J., Liu, G., Wang, S., Xiong, Z., \u0026amp; Yang, L. (2021). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis After AKI by Suppressing Tubular DNA Damage and Senescence. Frontiers in physiology, 12, 649547. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.649547\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.649547\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eHasegawa, K., Sakamaki, Y., Tamaki, M., \u0026amp; Wakino, S. (2022). Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal damage by epigenetically suppressing the NMN\/NAD consumers mediated by Twist2. Scientific reports, 12(1), 13712. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18147-2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18147-2\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eYasuda, I., Hasegawa, K., Sakamaki, Y., Muraoka, H., Kawaguchi, T., Kusahana, E., Ono, T., Kanda, T., Tokuyama, H., Wakino, S., \u0026amp; Itoh, H. (2021). Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 32(6), 1355–1370. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020081188\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020081188\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eChen, Y., Liang, Y., Hu, T., Wei, R., Cai, C., Wang, P., Wang, L., Qiao, W., \u0026amp; Feng, L. (2017). Endogenous Nampt upregulation is associated with diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis through the NF-κB p65 and Sirt1 pathway; NMN alleviates diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis by inhibiting endogenous Nampt. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 14(5), 4181–4193. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5098\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5098\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42263219994733,"sku":"QT-1300-500MG","price":68.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-1300-NMN-500mg.png?v=1768921167"},{"product_id":"nad-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide","title":"NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme that is present in each living cell in the body. It is produced from the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside (niagen), an alternative form of vitamin B3 (niacin). NAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes such as DNA repair, strengthening cells’ defense systems, conversion of food into a usable form of energy, and regulation of circadian rhythm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section4\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow NAD+ Works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/NAD-Infographics2-1024x679.jpg\" decoding=\"async\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ converts nutrients into adenosine triphosphate, a compound that provides energy to living cells. Aside from this important function, it works together with various forms of proteins to carry out a wide array of biological processes such as DNA repair, calcium signaling, maintenance of cell energy and chromosomal integrity, and gene expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of NAD+\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/NAD-1.jpg\" decoding=\"async\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on NAD+\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA. Extends Lifespan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAging is associated with progressive restriction in the length of telomeres, which are located at chromosome ends. They play an important role in the preservation of chromosome stability. Studies have shown that individuals with longer telomeres have a longer subsequent lifespan. [1-2] Increasing sirtuin activity is known to stabilize telomeres and attenuate age-related telomere shortening. [3] Since NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve chromosome stability and longer telomeres – all of these mechanisms can increase longevity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe natural process of aging is associated with a decline in the quality and activity of the “powerhouse of the cell” known as the mitochondria. As the name implies, the mitochondria produce the energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions – everything from the transmission of signals, digestion, muscle function, and other essential bodily processes. Mitochondrial function is a determinant of lifespan and studies show that mitochondrial dysfunction can shorten lifespan. [4-5]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that can help extend lifespan is through the activation of SIRT1 function in the nucleus of cells. Evidence suggests that boosting NAD+ levels through NAD+ supplementation can dramatically ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). [6] SIRT1 is an enzyme that plays an integral role in the regulation of proteins involved in cellular metabolism and processes associated with longevity, inflammation, and stress. SIRT1 activation by NAD+ can increase longevity by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, a cellular process that involves the production of new mitochondria. [7]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA convincing number of evidence suggests that NAD+ can extend lifespan:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe administration of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside extended the lifespan of mice without calorie restriction. [8]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), a rare disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that affects movements and speech, NAD+ replenishment improved lifespan and health span by stimulating neuronal DNA repair and improving mitochondrial quality. [9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a medical condition characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, supplementation with a bioavailable NAD+ precursor (nicotinamide riboside, NR) delayed the degeneration of motor neurons, decreased spinal inflammation, and improved survival rate. [10]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of muscular dystrophy, a condition characterized by gradual weakening of the muscles, treatment with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) delayed muscle breakdown and increased lifespan. [11]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of chronological aging, the administration of CD38 inhibitor 78c increased NAD+ levels which in turn improved exercise performance, endurance, and metabolic function and increased lifespan. [12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn Caenorhabditis elegans, a type of worm, NAD+ increased lifespan through the activation of sirtuin (SIR-2). [13-14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species of yeast, NAD+ extended the lifespan and ameliorated aging-related conditions. [15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB. Anti-Aging Benefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile a decline in the function of the mitochondria has been linked with normal aging, this is also associated with a wide array of age-related medical conditions. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial aging contributes to cellular senescence (also known as biological aging), increased inflammation, decreased stem cell activity, reduced healing rate, and a decline in tissue and organ function. [16] Interestingly, NAD+ can reverse age-related mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1 activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNew research found that some of the age-related changes in the structures of the mitochondria can be reversed through NAD+ supplementation. [17] In this study, the administration of NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), a molecule that boosts NAD+ levels, via injections in elderly mice reversed age-related mitochondrial deterioration. It was observed that declining NAD+ levels were associated with interruptions in the normal signaling between the cell’s nucleus and mitochondria. Interestingly, raising NAD+ levels restored the communication between these cellular structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the normal process of aging, DNA damage occurs continuously on a massive scale. The age-related DNA damage contributes to cell death and a decline in the function of neurons or nerve cells. This creates a domino effect, causing a gradual decline in a number of bodily functions. NAD+ can mitigate these effects since it is connected to the DNA repair precursor poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP 1). PARP 1 consumes NAD+ in the presence of DNA damage in order to promote cell survival. This in turn can help slow down the effects of aging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreclinical evidence also shows that boosting NAD+ levels can help mitigate age-related functional decline:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly mice, treatment with the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved blood flow and increased endurance via the promotion of SIRT1-dependent increases in capillary density. [18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass, NAD+ repletion improved muscle and mitochondrial function. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mouse models of retinal dysfunction, NAD+ deficiency caused metabolic dysfunction in the cells of the retina of the eye, suggesting that restoring NAD+ to youthful levels can help age-related vision loss. [21]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with mitochondrial dysfunction, oral administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, increased mitochondrial numbers and prevented muscle abnormalities. [22]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR) prevented noise-induced hearing loss and degeneration of ear cells, suggesting that increasing NAD+ levels can help age-related hearing loss. [23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, the administration of the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide prevented diet- and age-induced diabetes by enhancing insulin sensitivity. [24]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eC. Increases Energy Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes. This includes the conversion of food into a usable form of energy called adenosine triphosphate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies suggest that increased ATP production caused by NAD+ may help boost energy levels and reduce fatigue:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, supplementation with a NAD+ precursor improved ovarian mitochondrial energy metabolism. [25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, chronic NAD+ supplementation (1 mg\/kg\/day for the last 4 weeks) significantly attenuated weight gain and improved diurnal locomotor activity patterns. [26]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, NAD+ supplementation decreased anxiety and improved heart rate. [27]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that NAD+ may be a promising intervention to overcome symptoms of fatigue and to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. [28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe use of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plus NAD+ supplementation reduced perceived cognitive fatigue and improved the health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. [29-31]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn trained and untrained subjects, NAD+ supplementation was associated with improved\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/exercises\"\u003eexercise\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eendurance. [32]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7. NAD+ treatment was found to be more effective than conventional therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. [33]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eD. Promotes Weight Loss\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ability of NAD+ to induce\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/services\/medical-weight-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eweight loss\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecan be attributed to its energy-boosting mechanisms. With increased energy expenditure, the body will not store additional fat. Instead, the metabolism is increased, resulting in weight loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere’s a great deal of evidence supporting the fat-burning effects of NAD+:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese female mice, NAD+ injections reversed glucose intolerance induced by obesity and improved exercise capacity. [34]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy obese participants, NAD+ supplementation reduced weight by 17.1%. [35]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mammalian cells and mouse tissues, NAD+ protected against oxidative stress and high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. [36]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, supplementation with NAD+ at 400 mg\/kg\/day reduced abdominal visceral fat deposition. [37]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a study of twins, lower NAD+ levels were associated with acquired obesity. [38]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NAD+ can promote weight loss by reducing the number of adipocytes (fat cells). [39]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeveral studies have revealed that decreased NAD+ levels in cells were associated with higher fat mass tissues in the skeletal muscles, liver, and brain. [40­-43]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NAD+ protected against obesity by promoting whole-body energy homeostasis. [44]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, long-term administration of NAD+ reduced age-associated body weight gain. [45]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNAD+ supplementation in mice ameliorated maternal obesity. [46]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NAD+ normalized mitochondrial function and whole-body metabolism. [47]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, NAD+ protected against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. [48]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eE. Increases Muscle Mass and Strength\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-aging effects of NAD+ can also help attenuate the age-related decline in muscle mass and strength. Evidence suggests that NAD+ reverses detrimental age-associated changes in muscle by boosting ATP production, increasing mitochondrial function, and reducing inflammation. [49]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NAD+ can help combat loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging and musculoskeletal disease:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass, NAD+ repletion improved muscle and mitochondrial function. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with mitochondrial dysfunction, oral administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, increased mitochondrial numbers and prevented muscle abnormalities. [22]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older men, NAD+ supplementation increased muscle mass and reduced circulating inflammatory cytokines. [50]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, restoration of NAD+ levels to normal reversed skeletal muscle aging. [51]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2018 study reported that NAD+ is essential in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. [52]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy obese men and women, administration of NAD+ at 1g per day for 6 weeks improved skeletal muscle composition. [53]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that aerobic and resistance exercise training can reverse age-related muscle loss by increasing NAD+ levels. [54]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of Duchene’s muscular dystrophy (DMD), NAD+ supplementation improved muscle function. [55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eF. Improves Cognitive Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA decline in NAD+ levels is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other brain disorders that cause cognitive dysfunction. [11] Interestingly, NAD+ has neuroprotective effects and the ability to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are linked to a wide array of medical maladies including neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ can also help prevent cell death by regulating the activity of polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). [56] PARP1 activity is usually increased in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disease and is associated with increased deposition of abnormal protein structures in the brain. [57] Basically, NAD+ regulates PARP1 activity so that it will not kill too many cells before they can be repaired.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, NAD+ plays important roles in a wide array of biological processes in the brain such as transmission of nerve signals, learning, and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/hormone-therapy\/womens-hormones\/hormone-imbalance-in-women\/menopause\/symptoms-of-menopause\/memory-loss\"\u003ememory\u003c\/a\u003e. [58] NAD+ helps increase the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which are involved in a number of cognitive functions including memory, motivation, attention, mood, and emotions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of strong scientific evidence suggests that NAD+ can help improve cognitive health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a cell study, researchers found that cells treated with NAD+ were more resistant to stress. [59]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccording to a rat study, NAD+ helps protect the brain against oxidative stress. [60]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat udy found that NAD+ can significantly decrease brain injury. [61]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat study, researchers found that NAD+ is also essential for altering genes that accelerate aging. [62]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccording to a rat study, NAD+ can slow or even reverse the progression of age-related brain diseases. [63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that decreased amounts of NAD+ in the cells accelerate the aging process of the brain. [64-67]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat study found that NAD+ helps the brain function at optimal levels. [68-72]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNumerous studies suggest that insufficient amounts of NAD+ result in cell breakdown, which in turn accelerates the aging process and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. [73-77]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeveral studies found that NAD+ is important for the continued production of energy (ATP) by the mitochondria in the brain. [78-81]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NAD+ helps maintain a healthy neurological system and protects against various neurological diseases. [82-84]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that NAD+ is an essential coenzyme needed for brain function. [85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell studies found that NAD+ can help improve the functions of the neurons in the brain. [86-88]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, NAD+ supplementation significantly normalized nerve cell inflammation, synaptic transmission, and DNA damage as well as improved learning, memory, and motor function. [89-95]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that NAD+ may help improve cognitive function through its anti-inflammatory effects. [96]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eG. Fights Cancer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial respiration malfunction and increased glucose uptake are usually observed in cancer cells. Interestingly, increasing NAD+ levels has been shown to boost mitochondrial respiration and reduce glucose (blood sugar) uptake. [97] By counteracting these processes, NAD+ can help prevent the growth of cancer cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncreased NAD+ levels can also help boost the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT6, both of which inhibit the growth and spread of tumors via alteration of beta-catenin signaling and reduction of glucose uptake. [98-99]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies suggest that NAD+ exerts its anti-cancer effects through several mechanisms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that NAD+ regulates cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death of malignant cells. [100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn human ovarian tumor tissues, NAD+ enhanced the anti-tumor activities of chemotherapeutic drugs. [101]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2018 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Oncology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ prevented the progression of cancer by stimulating DNA repair. [102]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2019 study reported that targeting NAD+ metabolism can enhance radiation therapy responses in cancer patients. [103]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2015 study published in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eJournal of Molecular \u0026amp; Cellular Oncology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that boosting NAD+ can prevent and treat liver cancer. [104]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eH. Improves Cardiovascular Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ levels are essential for normal heart function and are associated with improved cardiac recovery from injury. Interestingly, SIRT3, one of the signaling proteins of NAD+, can help improve heart health by preventing enlargement of the heart and scarring. [105-107]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere’s increasing evidence supporting the cardiovascular benefits of NAD+:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animal models of heart failure, NAD+ improved a multitude of processes needed for cardiovascular function such as the production of energy for cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) and reversing vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress. [108-111]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study reported that NAD+ protected rat heart tissues against apoptosis (programmed cell death). [112]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats with impaired heart function, NAD+ supplementation improved markers of cardiovascular health. [113-116]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies in mice found that NAD+ can stimulate the regeneration of heart muscle cells, reduce left ventricular contractile dysfunction, and prevent heart enlargement. [117-118]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRat studies found that higher levels of NAD+ were associated with improved cardiac function. [2, 119]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnimal studies also found that lower NAD+ levels were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in heart muscle cells. [120-121]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2015 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Reviews\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ can prevent the progression of obesity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [122]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with heart failure, 5 to 9 days of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation increased NAD+ levels, improved respiratory capacity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines. [123]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that increasing NAD+ levels can protect against heart injury caused by insufficient blood supply and pressure overload and can help reduce the size of dead heart tissue. [124-127]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Lowers Blood Pressure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ activates SIRT1 which in turn increases the production of nitric oxide, a substance that helps widen blood vessels to allow an increase in blood flow. This process reduces the pressure within the blood vessels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies support the antihypertensive effects of NAD+:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy middle-aged and older adults, NAD+ supplementation for 6 weeks reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness. [128]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that administration of NAD+-boosting molecules decreased blood pressure in Korean subjects. [129]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese men and women, administration of NAD+ at 1-2 g per day for 6-12 weeks significantly reduced blood pressure. [130-131]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJ. Improves Blood Sugar Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ can help improve blood sugar levels by reducing glucose (blood sugar) uptake. This in turn prevents sudden spikes in blood sugar which can be detrimental to health. In addition, NAD+ can also help increase the body’s response to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere’s a good deal of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of NAD+ on blood sugar levels:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn prediabetic women, NAD+ increased muscle insulin sensitivity. [132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, increased NAD+ levels improved glucose and lipid homeostasis by increasing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3. [133-134]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eK. Boosts Immune Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe age-related shortening of telomeres adversely affects the function of the immune system. These adverse changes can significantly increase the risk for severe infection and even death. Studies suggest that patients with significantly shortened telomeres are at higher risk for different medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2). [135-137] Since NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve longer and more stable telomeres. This has a positive impact on the overall function of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that can help improve the immune function is by suppressing or decreasing the inflammatory response. NAD+ has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties that can help treat or ward off a broad range of inflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a growing body of evidence that NAD+ can help strengthen immune function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment of 24-month-old mice with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide for 1 week significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNFα and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle. [49]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOral nicotinamide has been found to be effective in the management of inflammatory lesions associated with acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. [138]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with brain inflammation, the administration of a NAD+ precursor attenuated the loss of brain cells and improved behavioral deficits. [139]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn men exposed to ultraviolet radiation, topical nicotinamide application prevented immunosuppression. [140-142]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestoring normal NAD+ levels has been found to decrease the severity of immune reaction in patients with COVID-19 infection. [143]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies suggest that NAD+ has significant immunomodulatory effects such as modulation of cytokine action, regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecules, blockage of mast cell degranulation, and inhibition of protease release from leukocytes. [144-146]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL. Improves Liver Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy activating SIRT1, NAD+ can produce protective effects on the liver. SIRT1 is known to improve liver health by maintaining mitochondrial integrity, improving cholesterol transport, and improving fatty acid homeostasis. [147-149]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral lines of evidence suggest that NAD+ can help prevent the development of liver diseases:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2016 study found that NAD+ deficiency in the liver increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [150-151]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NAD+ attenuated alcohol-induced liver injury. [152]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of liver fibrosis, NAD+ prevented liver scarring. [153]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2019 study found that NAD+ protected against aging-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like liver dysfunction in mice. [154]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2015 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Reviews\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ can prevent the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by influencing the oxidative stress response, programmed cell death, and inflammatory response. [155]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eM. Improves Kidney Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReduced levels of NAD+ also reduce sirtuin activity. This process is largely responsible for the age-related decline in kidney function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatest studies indicate that NAD+ is beneficial for kidney health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2019 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNational Reviews in Nephrology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ deficiency could lead to chronic kidney disease. [156]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2017 study also found that NAD+ supplementation can help improve kidney function. [157]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2017 study also found that lower NAD+ levels were associated with a higher incidence of acute kidney injury. [158]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies in mice showed that NAD+ protected against kidney injury caused by chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin and other medications that are toxic to the kidneys. [159-165]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section10\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Side Effects\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on NAD+. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of NAD+. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with NAD+ even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSide effects associated with NAD+ may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased blood levels of phosphorus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased insulin sensitivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased platelets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDizziness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrontal dull headaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNausea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"white-bg singlehlprag margin-sec\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-7 col-xs-12\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"wel-section padd-top-25 pad-btn menu_after_cnt\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-md-12 text-left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section9\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReference\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-contrast=\"auto\"\u003eMonaghan, P., \u0026amp; Haussmann, M. F. (2006). Do telomere dynamics link lifestyle and lifespan?. Trends in ecology \u0026amp; evolution, 21(1), 47–53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2005.11.007.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-ccp-props='{\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6,\"335559739\":200,\"335559740\":276}'\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-contrast=\"auto\"\u003eMonaghan P. (2010). Telomeres and life histories: the long and the short of it. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1206, 130–142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05705.x.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-ccp-props='{\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6,\"335559739\":200,\"335559740\":276}'\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalacios, J. A., Herranz, D., De Bonis, M. L., Velasco, S., Serrano, M., \u0026amp; Blasco, M. A. (2010). 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Biogerontology, 11(1), 31–43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-009-9225-3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMouchiroud, L., Houtkooper, R. H., Moullan, N., Katsyuba, E., Ryu, D., Cantó, C., Mottis, A., Jo, Y. S., Viswanathan, M., Schoonjans, K., Guarente, L., \u0026amp; Auwerx, J. (2013). The NAD(+)\/Sirtuin Pathway Modulates Longevity through Activation of Mitochondrial UPR and FOXO Signaling. Cell, 154(2), 430–441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.016.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOdoh, C. K., Guo, X., Arnone, J. T., Wang, X., \u0026amp; Zhao, Z. K. (2022). The role of NAD and NAD precursors on longevity and lifespan modulation in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology, 23(2), 169–199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-022-09958-x.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSun, N., Youle, R. J., \u0026amp; Finkel, T. (2016). The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging. 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Journal of internal medicine, 267(3), 278–286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02139.x.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesta, R., Olivieri, F., Sirolla, C., Spazzafumo, L., Rippo, M. R., Marra, M., Bonfigli, A. R., Ceriello, A., Antonicelli, R., Franceschi, C., Castellucci, C., Testa, I., \u0026amp; Procopio, A. D. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length is associated with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 28(11), 1388–1394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03370.x.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiren N. M. (2006). Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review. Cutis, 77(1 Suppl), 11–16.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKaneko, S., Wang, J., Kaneko, M., Yiu, G., Hurrell, J. M., Chitnis, T., Khoury, S. J., \u0026amp; He, Z. (2006). Protecting axonal degeneration by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 26(38), 9794–9804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2116-06.2006.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDamian, D. L., Patterson, C. R., Stapelberg, M., Park, J., Barnetson, R. S., \u0026amp; Halliday, G. M. (2008). UV radiation-induced immunosuppression is greater in men and prevented by topical nicotinamide. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 128(2), 447–454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jid.5701058.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGensler H. L. (1997). Prevention of photoimmunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis by topical nicotinamide. 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Nicotinamide decreases cytokine-induced activation of orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 83(1), 121–124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.83.1.4478.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHiromatsu, Y., Sato, M., Tanaka, K., Ishisaka, N., Kamachi, J., \u0026amp; Nonaka, K. (1993). Inhibitory effects of nicotinamide on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on cultured human thyroid cells. Immunology, 80(2), 330–332.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilwal P., Shin K., Choi S., Namgung U., Lee C.Y., Heo J.-Y.-Y. Tryptophan negatively regulates IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Korean J Phys Anthropol. 2017;30:53. doi: 10.11637\/kjpa.2017.30.2.53.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePicard, F., Kurtev, M., Chung, N., Topark-Ngarm, A., Senawong, T., Machado De Oliveira, R., Leid, M., McBurney, M. W., \u0026amp; Guarente, L. (2004). Sirt1 promotes fat mobilization in white adipocytes by repressing PPAR-gamma. Nature, 429(6993), 771–776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02583.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRodgers, J. T., Lerin, C., Haas, W., Gygi, S. P., Spiegelman, B. M., \u0026amp; Puigserver, P. (2005). Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1alpha and SIRT1. Nature, 434(7029), 113–118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03354.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYang, F., Vought, B. W., Satterlee, J. S., Walker, A. K., Jim Sun, Z. Y., Watts, J. L., DeBeaumont, R., Saito, R. M., Hyberts, S. G., Yang, S., Macol, C., Iyer, L., Tjian, R., van den Heuvel, S., Hart, A. C., Wagner, G., \u0026amp; Näär, A. M. (2006). An ARC\/Mediator subunit required for SREBP control of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. Nature, 442(7103), 700–704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04942.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRemie CME, Roumans KHM, Moonen MPB, et al. Nicotinamideriboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 22]. Am J ClinNutr. 2020;nqaa072. doi:10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa072.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeGuia RM, Agerholm M, Nielsen TS, et al. Aerobic and resistance exercise training reverses age-dependent decline in NAD+ salvage capacity in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep. 2019;7(12):e14139. doi:10.14814\/phy2.14139.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRyu D, Zhang H, Ropelle ER, et al. NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation. SciTransl Med. 2016;8(361):361ra139. doi:10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf5504.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZhou CC, Yang X, Hua X, et al. Hepatic NAD(+) deficiency as a therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ageing. Br J Pharmacol. 2016;173(15):2352-2368. doi:10.1111\/bph.13513.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuarino M, Dufour JF. Nicotinamide and NAFLD: Is There Nothing New Under the Sun?. Metabolites. 2019;9(9):180. Published 2019 Sep 10. doi:10.3390\/metabo9090180.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWang S, Wan T, Ye M, et al. Nicotinamideriboside attenuates alcohol induced liver injuries via activation of SirT1\/PGC-1α\/mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway. Redox Biol. 2018;17:89-98. doi:10.1016\/j.redox.2018.04.006.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePham TX, Bae M, Kim MB, et al. Nicotinamideriboside, an NAD+ precursor, attenuates the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. BiochimBiophysActaMol Basis Dis. 2019;1865(9):2451-2463. doi:10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.06.009.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHan X, Bao X, Lou Q, et al. Nicotinamideriboside exerts protective effect against aging-induced NAFLD-like hepatic dysfunction in mice. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7568. Published 2019 Aug 28. doi:10.7717\/peerj.7568.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRalto KM, Rhee EP, Parikh SM. NAD+ homeostasis in renal health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(2):99-111. doi:10.1038\/s41581-019-0216-6.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHershberger KA, Martin AS, Hirschey MD. Role of NAD+ and mitochondrial sirtuins in cardiac and renal diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(4):213-225. doi:10.1038\/nrneph.2017.5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoyanMehr A, Parikh SM. PPARγ-Coactivator-1α, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Renal Stress Resistance. Nephron. 2017;137(4):253-255. doi:10.1159\/000471895.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoyanMehr A, Tran MT, Ralto KM, et al. De novo NAD+ biosynthetic impairment in acute kidney injury in humans. Nat Med. 2018;24(9):1351-1359. doi:10.1038\/s41591-018-0138-z.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZhuo, L., Fu, B., Bai, X., Zhang, B., Wu, L., Cui, J., Cui, S., Wei, R., Chen, X., \u0026amp; Cai, G. (2011). NAD blocks high glucose induced mesangial hypertrophy via activation of the sirtuins-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 27(6), 681–690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000330077\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuan, Y., Wang, S. R., Huang, X. Z., Xie, Q. H., Xu, Y. Y., Shang, D., \u0026amp; Hao, C. M. (2017). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ Precursor, Rescues Age-Associated Susceptibility to AKI in a Sirtuin 1-Dependent Manner. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 28(8), 2337–2352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040385\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMorigi, M., Perico, L., Rota, C., Longaretti, L., Conti, S., Rottoli, D., Novelli, R., Remuzzi, G., \u0026amp; Benigni, A. (2015). Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial dynamic improvements protect against acute kidney injury. 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Nature, 531(7595), 528–532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17184.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container\"\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-md-12\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42263235166317,"sku":"QT-1301-500MG","price":159.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-1301-NAD-500mg.png?v=1768956796"},{"product_id":"cerebrolysin","title":"Cerebrolysin, nootropic for brain function, protection and recovery","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCerebrolysin is a nootropic drug, which means that it has the capacity to enhance a number of cognitive functions such as memory, concentration, and thinking skills. It is used in the treatment of memory disorders, concentration disorders, and degenerative dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Cerebrolysin is also used in the treatment of acute neurological disorders, such as cerebral stroke and craniocerebral trauma. The brain-boosting effects of cerebrolysin may be attributed to the neuropeptides it contains. These neuropeptides are active brain peptides (chains of amino acids) that are used by nerve cells (neurons) to enhance their communication with each other. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCerebrolysin is a natural compound derived from the brains of pigs using a safe and standardized enzymatic process. In order to achieve its therapeutic effect, cerebrolysin needs to be administered in the form of injections.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section4\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow Cerebrolysin Works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCerebrolysin works by increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors (NFT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF). This in turn stimulates the formation and repair of neurons (nerve cells) in the brain.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Cerebrolysin-Infographic.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of Cerebrolysin\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Cerebrolysin.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on Cerebrolysin\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA. Boosts Cognitive Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is increasing evidence that cerebrolysin may help improve cognitive function and counter the effects of certain medical conditions that lead to cognitive impairment:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with schizophrenia dominated by negative symptoms, administration of cerebrolysin in addition to antipsychotic medication appears to improve cognitive function and memory. [1]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy older adults with memory loss, the administration of a derivative of cerebrolysin, N-PEP-12, improved memory. [2]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy elderly adults, a single dose of cerebrolysin improved memory performance.[3]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, high doses of cerebrolysin reduced psychological symptoms and slowed disease progression. [4]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animals with Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrolysin administration reduced the build-up of brain beta-amyloid plaques, which are sticky proteins known to cause the disease. [5-7]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrolysin administration appears to improve cognitive recovery without any adverse side effects. [8-14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn infants with communication defects due to severe brain damage during pregnancy, cerebrolysin treatment for 3 months improved communication and social interaction.[15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mouse and rat models of Parkinson’s disease, cerebrolysin promoted survival of brain cells, improved motor symptoms, and slowed disease progression. [16-18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe combination of cerebrolysin with recombinant tissue-Plasminogen Activator produced a more favorable response in neurological outcome measures as compared to the placebo group. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with stroke who were treated with cerebrolysin (30 mL over seven days followed by 10 mL until day 30) once daily over a period of four weeks, a significant improvement in neurological and global function outcomes was observed compared to the group who received placebo treatment. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn dementia models and stroke animal models, cerebrolysin decreased the accumulation of abnormal protein structures in the brain, improved the transmission of signals by the neurons (nerve cells), restored neuron structures, induced restorative processes, decreased infarct volume (dead tissue) and formation of edema (swelling), resulting in improved cognitive and behavioral performance. [21-23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with ischemic stroke (insufficient blood flow to the brain), the administration of cerebrolysin produced significant improvements in motor and cognitive recovery. [24-28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly patients with vascular dementia of mild to moderate severity, cerebrolysin administration produced beneficial effects on general cognitive function as measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE). [29]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB. Improves Mood\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe brain-boosting effect of cerebrolysin also has a beneficial effect on mood, especially in depressive symptoms. Studies show that administration of cerebrolysin produces an antidepressant effect:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly patients with depression, intravenous infusions of cerebrolysin reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and apathy (lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern). [30]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrolysin treatment improved scores on the Cornell Depression Scale. [31]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with treatment-resistant depression, cerebrolysin therapy improved depressive symptoms without any adverse side effects. [32]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, cerebrolysin administration produced an anti-anxiety effect. [33]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eC. Improves Symptoms of Autism\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a wide range of medical conditions that affect social interaction, behavior, speech, and nonverbal communication. Since cerebrolysin has the capacity to enhance a number of cognitive functions, this nootropic drug has also been studied for its beneficial effect on autism:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with childhood autism and Asperger’s syndrome (one of the autism spectrum disorders), cerebrolysin therapy improved various areas of cognitive function (expressive and receptive speech, fine motoring, and playing). [34]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn children with autism, cerebrolysin therapy improved symptoms and scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). [35]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of autism, cerebrolysin therapy improved behavior and brain cell communication. [36]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eD. Improves Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eADHD is a mental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and short attention span. This mental disorder affects children and teens and can transition into adulthood. Studies show that administration of cerebrolysin may help reduce symptoms of ADHD:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn children with ADHD, cerebrolysin administration at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of weight intramuscularly for 1 month improved the core symptoms of ADHD. [37]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with ADHD of unknown cause, cerebrolysin treatment reduced impulsivity and hyperactivity. [38]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eE. Improves Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy (CP)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21336\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21336\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21336\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"\u003eCP is a developmental disability that affects muscle tone, movement, and motor skills. It is believed that CP is caused by brain damage during pregnancy or birth. Studies show that cerebrolysin administration in patients with CP improves functional outcomes:\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with CP, intramuscular administration of cerebrolysin as a single daily dose of 0.1 cc\/kg for 10 days and then continued weekly for 4 months appears to improve gross motor function. [39]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with infantile cerebral paralysis, the administration of cerebrolysin improved symptoms without any adverse side effects. [40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn pediatric patients living with CP, the combination of standard rehabilitation therapy with cerebrolysin improved gross motor skills. [41]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn children with traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy, cerebrolysin therapy induced the repair of nerve cells of the brain. [42]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eF. Repairs Nerve Damage\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith nerve damage, there can be a broad range of symptoms depending on the location and types of nerves affected. In addition, chronic nerve damage may impair the sensation or function of the affected body part. Interestingly, numerous studies support the therapeutic benefits of cerebrolysin in different medical conditions associated with nerve damage:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage caused by diabetes), daily cerebrolysin infusion over a period of 10 days alleviated pain and tingling sensations. [43]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy, the administration of cerebrolysin improved dysfunction of the sciatic nerve (the largest single nerve located on each side of the lower spine going all the way down to the foot). [44]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with different nerve injuries, cerebrolysin treatment was associated with rapid neurological recovery after various peripheral nerve lesions than conventional therapies. [45]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged rats, cerebrolysin treatment ameliorated performance deficits and nerve damage. [46]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, low-dose cerebrolysin administration promoted regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons. [47]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animals with nerve injury related to microsurgical suturing, cerebrolysin administration promoted regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve. [48]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with various forms of nerve injury, cerebrolysin was more associated with rapid recovery of neurological functions than other therapies such as steroids and supportive therapies such as vitamins and antioxidants. [49]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eG. Treats Hyperthermia-Induced Neurotoxicity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdverse environmental circumstances such as heat stress related to hot climates can lead to disturbed mental function. This condition is known as hyperthermia-induced neurotoxicity. Researchers suggest that one of the suitable therapeutic strategies to treat heat-induced mental anomalies related to this condition is cerebrolysin administration. Studies show that cerebrolysin exerts its therapeutic effect through the following important mechanisms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats exposed to whole body hyperthermia (increased temperature), cerebrolysin administration induced a marked reduction in brain toxicity, thus preventing mental dysfunction related to heat stress. [50]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats suffering from heat stroke, cerebrolysin exerted superior neuroprotective effects as compared to other neuroprotective agents. [51]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eH. Treats Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProlonged use of morphine changes the way nerve receptors in the brain work. As a result, sudden withdrawal from this drug can lead to debilitating symptoms such as sleep problems, restlessness, anxiety, digestive problems, high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and vision problems. Studies suggest that cerebrolysin can be considered a therapeutic option for morphine withdrawal symptoms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that morphine withdrawal can activate heat shock protein which triggers unpleasant symptoms, suggesting that cerebrolysin can produce beneficial effects through its ability to suppress the activation of these proteins. [52]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRat studies showed that cerebrolysin counteracted the activation of heat shock protein, thus alleviating the negative effects of morphine withdrawal. [53-54]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Boosts Immune Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is mounting evidence that cerebrolysin may help heighten the immune response and prevent a wide array of diseases. Studies show that cerebrolysin positively affects the production of different cells of the immune system:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, cerebrolysin treatment increased the production of Thy-1 cells. [55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with mental developmental delay, cerebrolysin therapy at a dose of 0.1 mg\/1kg of body mass for 42 days improved immune status. [56]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with minimal cerebral dysfunction, intrasmuscular cerebrolysin administration at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of body weight for 1 month increased the blood levels of CD19(+) and CD16(+) cells with a simultaneous normalization of blood IgG, IgA, and natural killer cell levels. [57]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA laboratory study showed that cerebrolysin exerts its immune-boosting properties by increasing the production of T- and B-lymphocytes, and promoting the survival of immunocompetent cells. [58]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that cerebrolysin can help decrease the levels of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that damage cells and impair the function of immune system cells. [59-62]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJ. Improves Eye Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMG\u003cbr\u003eCerebrolysin has the capacity to stimulate the regeneration of various nerves and cells in the body. Studies show that this regenerative ability may help maintain visual health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of optic nerve crush, the injection of cerebrolysin promoted the survival of retinal cells. [63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a patient with vision loss in both eyes, intense photophobia (light sensitivity), and eye pain, cerebrolysin administration appears to reduce eye pressure and improve visual acuity. [64]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section10\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAssociated Side Effects and Adverse Events of Cerebrolysin\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCerebrolysin side effects are very uncommon, but adverse events have been reported. There is also a potential for serious adverse events with Cerebrolysin use, including an increase in non-fatal serious adverse events. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on cerebrolysin. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of cerebrolysin. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with cerebrolysin even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSide effects associated with cerebrolysin may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAgitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChanges in blood pressure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConstipation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiarrhea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFatigue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFeeling hot\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNausea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeizure\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVertigo\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVomiting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section11\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section14\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCortexin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e \u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e vs Cerebrolysin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e \u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCortexin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e and Cerebrolysin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e are both peptide-based drugs used primarily in neurology for their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, but they have distinct compositions and slightly different applications. Cortexin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e is derived from the cerebral cortex of pigs and contains a complex of polypeptide fractions along with amino acids that influence the central nervous system. It is administered to improve brain function, protect against damage, and enhance recovery from various neurological conditions. Unlike Cerebrolysin, which is derived from pig brain proteins and contains a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids, Cortexin’s active components are smaller and potentially more focused in their action.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of clinical use, both Cortexin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e and Cerebrolysin are utilized to treat similar conditions, including traumatic brain injuries, stroke recovery, and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, the specific indications and the perceived efficacy can vary. Cortexin is often noted for its neuroprotective properties and its ability to stabilize cell membranes and reduce oxidative stress. Cerebrolysin, on the other hand, is more explicitly recognized for its role in enhancing cognitive functions and supporting neuronal growth and repair, making it particularly useful in the treatment of dementia and similar degenerative conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe choice between Cortexin\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e®\u003c\/span\u003e and Cerebrolysin often comes down to clinical objectives, patient response to treatment, and the preferences of the healthcare provider. Both medications are administered via injection, requiring similar protocols for use. Side effects for both drugs are generally mild but can include discomfort at the injection site, dizziness, and headaches. While both treatments are supported by a substantial amount of research, the body of evidence is more robust for Cerebrolysin, particularly in its effects on a broad range of neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders, as documented in the database of systematic reviews. Ultimately, the decision to use Cortexin or Cerebrolysin should be tailored to the individual patient’s condition and needs, often guided by the experience and observation of their healthcare team. Consulting the database of systematic reviews can provide valuable insights into the comparative efficacy and safety of these treatments. Additionally, continuous reference to the database of systematic reviews helps ensure that treatment decisions are based on the most comprehensive and up-to-date evidence available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section15\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCerebrolysin in Stroke and Vascular Dementia\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCerebrolysin has garnered attention in the medical community for its potential therapeutic effects in treating stroke and vascular dementia. This peptide-based treatment is believed to confer neuroprotective and neurotrophic benefits, making it a viable option for promoting neural repair and functional recovery post-stroke. The neurotrophic factors present in Cerebrolysin are thought to enhance neurogenesis, reduce inflammation, and improve synaptic connectivity, which can be critical in the acute phase following a stroke. Clinical trials and studies have shown that when administered soon after a stroke, Cerebrolysin can help improve neurological function and reduce the extent of brain damage, with a low incidence of serious adverse events.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the context of vascular dementia, Cerebrolysin’s ability to improve cognitive functions and protect neural structures offers a promising approach to managing this condition. Vascular dementia, which results from impaired blood flow to the brain leading to cognitive decline, can benefit from Cerebrolysin’s mechanisms that enhance cerebral blood flow and neuronal resilience. Patients treated with Cerebrolysin have reported improvements in memory, attention, and executive function. Continuous research and clinical trials suggest that Cerebrolysin not only helps in stabilizing the symptoms of vascular dementia but may also slow its progression, offering a better quality of life for patients, with minimal serious adverse events.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the promising outcomes, the use of Cerebrolysin in stroke recovery and vascular dementia must be carefully considered by healthcare professionals. The treatment involves a series of injections or infusions, which require monitoring and management by medical personnel. Side effects, though generally mild, can include headache, nausea, and dizziness. The risk of serious adverse events, while low, requires careful monitoring. Reviews in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews highlight the importance of such vigilance in clinical practice. The cost of treatment and the variability in patient responses also pose challenges. Therefore, while Cerebrolysin offers a potentially effective treatment modality for stroke and vascular dementia, it should be part of a comprehensive therapeutic plan that includes other medical interventions and lifestyle adjustments tailored to individual patient needs. Ongoing vigilance for any serious adverse events is critical, as emphasized by findings from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Additionally, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, such as those found in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, provide valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of Cerebrolysin, guiding healthcare professionals in making informed decisions about its use in diverse patient populations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section16\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReference\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXiao S, Xue H, Li G. Therapeutic effects of cerebrolysin added to risperidone in patients with schizophrenia dominated by negative symptoms. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry. 2012; 46(2):153-60. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22311531\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22311531\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCrook TH, Ferris SH, Alvarez XA, Laredo M, Moessler H. Effects of N-PEP-12 on memory among older adults. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2005; 20(2):97-100. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15729085\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15729085\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlvarez XA, Lombardi VR, Corzo L. Oral Cerebrolysin enhances brain alpha activity and improves cognitive performance in elderly control subjects. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum. 2000; 59:315-28. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10961443\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10961443\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAllegri RF, Guekht A. Cerebrolysin improves symptoms and delays progression in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain: 1998). 2012; 48 Suppl A:25-41. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22514793\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22514793\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRockenstein E, Torrance M, Mante M. Cerebrolysin decreases amyloid-beta production by regulating amyloid protein precursor maturation in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of neuroscience research. 2006; 83(7):1252-61. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16511867\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16511867\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRockenstein E, Mallory M, Mante M. Effects of Cerebrolysin on amyloid-beta deposition in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum. 2002. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12456076\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12456076\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRockenstein E, Adame A, Mante M, Moessler H, Windisch M, Masliah E. The neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease are associated with improved behavioral performance. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2003; 110(11):1313-27. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14628195\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14628195\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLadurner G, Kalvach P, Moessler H, .Neuroprotective treatment with cerebrolysin in patients with acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 2005; 112(3):415-28. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15583955\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15583955\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMuresanu DF, Heiss W-D, Hoemberg V, et al. Cerebrolysin and Recovery After Stroke (CARS): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial. Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation. 2016;47(1):151-159. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009416. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4689177\/\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4689177\/\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuekht A, Vester J, Heiss WD. Safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in motor function recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis of the CARS trials. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2017; 38(10):1761-1769. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28707130\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28707130\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen CC, Wei ST, Tsaia SC, Chen XX, Cho DY. Cerebrolysin enhances cognitive recovery of mild traumatic brain injury patients: double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. British journal of neurosurgery. 2013; 27(6):803-7. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23656173\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23656173\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBornstein N, Poon WS. Accelerated recovery from acute brain injuries: clinical efficacy of neurotrophic treatment in stroke and traumatic brain injuries. Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998). 2012; 48 Suppl A:43-61. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22514794\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22514794\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWong GK, Zhu XL, Poon WS. Beneficial effect of cerebrolysin on moderate and severe head injury patients: result of a cohort study. Actaneurochirurgica. Supplement. 2005; 95:59-60. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16463821\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16463821\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang D, Dong Y, Li Y, Chen J, Wang J, Hou L. Efficacy and Safety of Cerebrolysin for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. BioMed Research International. 2017;2017:4191670. doi:10.1155\/2017\/4191670. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5474547\/\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5474547\/\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHassanein SM, Deifalla SM, El-Houssinie M, Mokbel SA. Safety and Efficacy of Cerebrolysin in Infants with Communication Defects due to Severe Perinatal Brain Insult: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea). 2016; 12(1):79-84. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26365023\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26365023\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOzkizilcik A, Sharma A, Muresanu DF. Timed Release of Cerebrolysin Using Drug-Loaded TitanateNanospheres Reduces Brain Pathology and Improves Behavioral Functions in Parkinson’s Disease. Molecular neurobiology. 2017. Retrieved from \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28875428\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28875428\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOzkizilcik A, Sharma A, Muresanu DF. Timed Release of Cerebrolysin Using Drug-Loaded TitanateNanospheres Reduces Brain Pathology and Improves Behavioral Functions in Parkinson’s Disease. Molecular neurobiology. 2017. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28875428\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28875428\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRequejo C, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Cepeda H. Nanodelivery of Cerebrolysin and Rearing in Enriched Environment Induce Neuroprotective Effects in a Preclinical Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Molecular neurobiology. 2017. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28840482\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28840482\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNoor NA, Mohammed HS, Mourad IM, Khadrawy YA, AboulEzz HS. A promising therapeutic potential of cerebrolysin in 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Life sciences. 2016; 155:174-9. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27210889\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27210889\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKalynIaB, Safarova TP, Sheshenin VC, Gavrilova SI. 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[The effect of cerebrolysin on the regeneration of the peripheral nerve depending on the scheme of paraneural administration]. Zhurnalnevrologii i psikhiatriiimeni S.S. Korsakova. 2013; 113(12):76-80. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24430040\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24430040\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAvailable from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nrronline\/Abstract\/2011\/06180\/Cerebrolysin_as_a_nerve_growth_factor_for.10.aspx\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nrronline\/Abstract\/2011\/06180\/Cerebrolysin_as_a_nerve_growth_factor_for.10.aspx\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharma HS, Sharma A, Mössler H, Muresanu DF. Neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin, a combination of different active fragments of neurotrophic factors and peptides on the whole body hyperthermia-induced neurotoxicity: modulatory roles of co-morbidity factors and nanoparticle intoxication. International review of neurobiology. 2012; 102:249-76. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22748833\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22748833\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharma A, Muresanu DF, Mössler H, Sharma HS. Superior neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin in nanoparticle-induced exacerbation of hyperthermia-induced brain pathology. CNS \u0026amp; neurological disorders drug targets. 2012; 11(1):7-25. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22229316\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22229316\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMartínez-Laorden E, Hurle MA, Milanés MV, Laorden ML, Almela P. Morphine withdrawal activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and heat shock protein 27 in the left ventricle: the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2012; 342(3):665-75. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22647273\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22647273\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharma HS, Ali SF, Patnaik R, Zimmermann-Meinzingen S, Sharma A, Muresanu DF. Cerebrolysin Attenuates Heat Shock Protein (HSP 72 KD) Expression in the Rat Spinal Cord Following Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal: Possible New Therapy for Pain Management. Current neuropharmacology. 2011; 9(1):223-35. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21886595\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21886595\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBelokrylov GA, Malchanova IV. [Levamin and cerebrolysin as immunostimulants]. Biulleten’ eksperimental’noibiologii i meditsiny. 1992; 113(2):165-6. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1611065\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1611065\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGovorin NV, Zlova TP, Akhmetova VV, Tarasova OA. [The pathophysiological analysis of cerebrolysin therapy of children with mental developmental delay caused by ecological factors]. Zhurnalnevrologii i psikhiatriiimeni S.S. Korsakova. 2008; 108(5):51-5. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18577958\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18577958\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSotnikova NY, Gromova OA, Novikova EA, Burtsev EM. Immunoactive Properties of Cerebrolysin. Russian journal of immunology: RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology. 2000; 5(1):63-70. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12687163\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12687163\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGarmanchuk LV, Perepelitsyna EM, SidorenkoMv, Makarenko AN, Kul’chikov AE. [Cytoprotective effect of neuropeptides on immunocompetent cells (in vitro study)]. Eksperimental’naia i klinicheskaiafarmakologiia.; 72(4):28-32. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19803367\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19803367\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGonzález ME, Francis L, Castellano O. Antioxidant systemic effect of short-term Cerebrolysin administration. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum. 1998; 53:333-41. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9700669\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9700669\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGromova OA, Avdeenko TV, Burtsev EM, Skal’nyĭ AV, Solov’ev OI. [Effects of cerebrolysin on the oxidant homeostasis, the content of microelements and electrolytes in children with minimal brain dysfunction]. Zhurnalnevrologii i psikhiatriiimeni S.S. Korsakova. 1998; 98(1):27-30. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9505400\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9505400\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRetrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/270571093_Antioxidant_properties_of_cerebrolysin_-_an_old_drug_with_a_newly_discovered_capabilities\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/270571093_Antioxidant_properties_of_cerebrolysin_-_an_old_drug_with_a_newly_discovered_capabilities\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGonzález ME, Francis L, Castellano O. Antioxidant systemic effect of short-term Cerebrolysin administration. Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum. 1998; 53:333-41. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9700669\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9700669\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRetrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/abstract\/med\/9505400\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttp:\/\/europepmc.org\/abstract\/med\/9505400\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang TL, Huang SP, Chang CH, Lin KH, Sheu MM, Tsai RK. Protective effects of cerebrolysin in a rat model of optic nerve crush. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences. 2014; 30(7):331-6. Retrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24924838\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24924838\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRetrieved from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.roneurosurgery.eu\/atdoc\/16CostinDCombined.pdf\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttp:\/\/www.roneurosurgery.eu\/atdoc\/16CostinDCombined.pdf\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":42322226544749,"sku":"QT-2102-100MG","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":42322226577517,"sku":"QT-2102-1G","price":889.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-2102_Cerebrolysin_100mg.png?v=1768922365"},{"product_id":"selank-peptide","title":"Selank (Tuftsin Peptide)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.peptides.org\/lln-na-selank-nasal-spray\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSelank\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: black;\"\u003e is a synthetic analog of the peptide \u003cstrong\u003etuftsin\u003c\/strong\u003e, an endogenous peptide that regulates the immune system [\u003ca rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0012496608040066\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Selank\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e]. Informally, it falls under the category of nootropic agents, which are substances known for their ability to \u003cstrong\u003eimprove learning, memory, and other cognitive processes\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: black;\"\u003eOriginally created by the Russian Academy of Sciences, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.peptides.org\/selank\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSelank has primarily been studied for its anti-anxiety effects\u003c\/a\u003e. The mechanism of action of \u003cstrong\u003eSelank\u003c\/strong\u003e is believed to involve the modulation of various neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin, dopamine, and GABA [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5328971\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2\u003c\/a\u003e]. By influencing these neurotransmitters, \u003cstrong\u003eSelank\u003c\/strong\u003e can effectively reduce anxiety and induce a state of calmness without causing any sort of impairment.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelank\u003c\/strong\u003e is also antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18577961\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e3\u003c\/a\u003e]. Preclinical and clinical studies have displayed promising results regarding its effectiveness in treating certain psychiatric disorders, brain damage, and chronic stress.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: black;\"\u003eBecause of the way \u003cstrong\u003eSelank\u003c\/strong\u003e interacts with the body’s opioid receptors and enkephalin-degrading enzymes, it has the ability to induce all the desirable effects of benzodiazepines without the risk of side effects or addiction [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17415472\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e4\u003c\/a\u003e].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: black;\"\u003eBecause \u003cstrong\u003eSelank\u003c\/strong\u003e interacts with different bodily systems, the route by which it is administered can partially determine its effects. Selank injections, for example, increase GABA receptor binding sites without affecting NMDA receptors. By contrast, Selank nasal spray does not appear to affect GABA receptors while primarily increasing NMDA binding sites [\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29787664\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e5\u003c\/a\u003e].\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelank\u003c\/strong\u003e is a peptide chain composed of two fragments – one is Tuftsin at the N-terminus, and the other is a tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) at the C-terminal end of the molecule. The inclusion of a Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) sequence in the peptide Selank might enhance its potential to penetrate various biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a highly selective and semi-permeable membrane that delineates the circulating blood from brain tissues and extracellular fluid within the central nervous system. It is deemed to play a pivotal role in controlling the entry of molecules. Integrating the PGP sequence might modify the peptide's hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, which might increase its compatibility with the lipid-rich milieu of the BBB. Moreover, the PGP motif might interact with certain transport systems or receptors on the BBB membrane, potentially facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis or active transport. These mechanisms may permit Selank to circumvent the tight junctions that typically impede the transit of larger molecules through the BBB. Additionally, the presence of the PGP sequence might alter the tertiary structure of Selank, potentially rendering it more amenable to traversing the BBB. This alteration might arise from changes in the peptide's spatial configuration, which may influence its interaction with the cellular components of the BBB.\u003csup\u003e(6)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Makeup\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eC\u003csub\u003e33\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e57\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e751.88 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS#: \u003c\/strong\u003e129954-34-3\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther Known Titles:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eTP-7, Selan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch and Clinical Studies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and BDNF Levels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a possibility that Selank may influence the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), deemed a crucial protein in the brain that supports neuronal survival and growth.\u003csup\u003e(1)\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003eResearch indicates that Selank may markedly increase the levels of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus, an integral region of the brain involved in memory and emotional responses. The potential of Selank to boost BDNF expression, particularly under conditions where stress and glucocorticoids suppress BDNF levels, suggests its relevance in research studies within the context of neuroplasticity decline. This protein's perceived role in synaptic function and neuronal adaptation underscores the significance of such investigations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Serotonin Signaling\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelank may potentially influence serotonin signaling mechanisms. Serotonin signaling is theorized to play a crucial role in the management of mood and anxiety within the brain. Research utilizing murine models where serotonin synthesis was inhibited has indicated that Selank might be able to alter serotonin levels in cases where the serotonergic system is impaired. It has been proposed by researchers that Selank may potentially boost serotonin metabolism in the brainstem, indicating its potential action on the serotonin system. More specifically, the peptide is thought to facilitate an increase in the metabolic processing of serotonin in brain regions considered essential for mood and anxiety regulation. Additionally, the hypothesis that Selank may enhance serotonin metabolism suggests a potential pathway by which Selank might ameliorate issues stemming from diminished serotonin activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and GABA Signaling\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies have suggested that Selank may act on the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. GABA is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter within this context, playing a role in diminishing neuronal excitability, fostering relaxation, and mitigating anxiety observations, as observed in animal research models. In one study,\u003csup\u003e(7)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethe expression of 84 genes involved in neurotransmission was studied in murine models. The experimental murine models were exposed to either Selank or GABA, and gene expression was studied after one and three hours via a PCR method. All the gene expressions studied for Selank and GABA appeared positively correlated. The results suggested that Selank had the potential to induce several alterations in the neurotransmission process, suggesting by proxy that Selank may exert possible action via modulating the GABAergic system. Moreover, the literature indicates that the influence of Selank might not be confined to mere direct actions on the transcriptional activity of genes associated with GABA receptors. It might also involve allosteric modulation of the GABAergic system. This is inferred from observed variations in gene expression following exposure to Selank compared to GABA, where Selank has been speculated to distinctly affect the expression of specific genes. Such differential gene expression alludes to a more complex interaction of Selank with the GABAergic system, possibly diverging from the direct receptor activation typically seen with GABA. Selank has also been proposed to instigate enduring modifications within neurotransmitter systems, a characteristic that might account for its extended anxiolytic actions observed in experimental frameworks. These alterations suggest a broader and potentially long-term impact on neurotransmitter dynamics beyond potential receptor interaction, emphasizing the complex potential of Selank on neural regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Genome Expression\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies have been conducted to understand the potential of Selank peptide on genome expression and its involvement in the inflammatory process. These studies\u003csup\u003e(8)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewere conducted on male murine models weighing 250 grams. These murine models were separated into three groups – a control group, an experimental group with a single exposure to Selank, and an experimental group under routine exposure to Selank. After the study, the RNA was isolated from the rat spleen and hippocampus and studied via PCR method. Based on the results, it was suggested by the researchers that Selank might have the potential to impact gene expression, exhibited more definitively in the spleen and the hippocampus. One of the gene expressions reported during the study was the change in CX3CR1, which was involved in the inflammatory process. This suggested that Selank might regulate the inflammatory process through the mechanism of gene expression, mainly the CX3CR1 alteration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Enkephalin Signaling\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a clinical study,\u003csup\u003e(9)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e62 research models of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were examined. These models were divided into two groups – 48% were exposed to Selank, whereas 52% were exposed to a generic benzodiazepine compound. Following the study, the psychometric levels of all models were analyzed. Results suggested that the impact of Selank appeared to be similar to those of the generic compound. Researchers also reported that enkephalin levels of tau leu-enkephalin were apparently reduced in the Selank-exposed group before the experiment, and the addition of Selank may have reversed this observation. Selank is hypothesized to exert suppressive actions on enzymes that break down enkephalins. Enkephalins, which are endogenous ligands for opioid receptors, have been implicated in the regulation of pain, mood, and stress responses. Therefore, the potential inhibition of these degrading enzymes by Selank might result in increased levels of enkephalins, potentially augmenting their physiological actions. This could lead to a noticeable elevation in tau(1\/2) leu-enkephalin concentrations during experiments involving anxiety models where Selank is evaluated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Memory\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study\u003csup\u003e(11)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewas conducted on murine models that were enrolled in a \"training\" session of four days for learning conditioned avoidance response (CAR). CAR is a learned response in delaying or preventing avoidance behavior. Selank exposure was begun 15 minutes before the training session on all four days. Upon monitoring the behavior of the murine models, researchers suggested that the learning abilities of the murine models appeared to improve with each exposure of the peptide, as the number of errors reduced and the number of correct solutions increased. This potential impact might be mediated through multiple interconnected pathways, including the modulation of neuropeptide systems within the brain. These neuropeptides are deemed critical as they are believed to play significant roles in various cognitive functions, potentially boosting processes related to learning and memory. Additionally, the peptide Selank might alter neural circuits involved in memory consolidation. This alteration may enhance synaptic stability and efficiency in learning processes. Moreover, Selank might indirectly boost cognitive performance by mitigating anxiety-related factors that frequently impede learning efficiency. This suggests that Selank may influence the emotional aspects of cognition, enhancing the overall cognitive process. Furthermore, Selank may promote neural plasticity or the capacity of neurons to adapt, particularly in cognitive circuits that are not performing optimally, thus potentially elevating their function. This enhancement of neural adaptability may be vital for the maintenance and improvement of cognitive abilities, suggesting that Selank might be a valuable compound for further research in neurocognitive fields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Immunomodulation\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis clinical study\u003csup\u003e(12)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewas conducted on research models of GAD with neurasthenia, with a control group and experimental group exposed Selank peptide for 14 days. After the study, the peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed. The analytical results suggested peak elevation in the levels of IL-6 cytokine and changes in the Th1 and Th2 cytokine ratio, all of which are believed to regulate the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Withdrawal\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study,\u003csup\u003e(13)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emurine models were infused with 10% ethanol as their sole fluid source for 24 weeks. Consequently, these murine models were experimentally induced with alcohol withdrawal symptoms once the ethanol drip was removed. The murine models were then exposed to Selank, to study its potential impact on the withdrawal symptoms. After 48 hours, researchers reported that the alcohol withdrawal symptoms appeared to have reduced, based on the results of their social interaction and maze tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Cardiovascular Activity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study,\u003csup\u003e(14)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSelank was presented to feline models. The main goal of this study was to examine the cardiovascular and respiratory potential of the peptide in this specific model. Upon exposure to the peptide, it was reported by the researchers that there appeared to be a 32% decrease in arterial blood pressure within 3 minutes of peptide presence. Moreover, the peptide possibly induced a 24% increase in cerebral blood flow within the first 10 minutes, slowly decreasing to optimal levels. Selank was not reported to have induced any action on the respiratory system or the heart rate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelank Peptide and Weight, Cholesterol\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study,\u003csup\u003e(15)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emurine models were first exposed to a high-fat diet for 6 consecutive weeks until the weights of murine models were measured between 280g to 300g. Later, these murine models were divided into two groups, a control group given sodium chloride, and an experimental group exposed to Selank peptide. Additionally, a group of control murine models were used for this study, which were not presented with either of the agents but were simply monitored for the purpose of the study. Upon analysis, it was suggested by the researchers that the Selank group exhibited apparently decreased levels of cholesterol and fat anywhere between 25% and 58%. Based on the findings, Selank may also reduce specific forms such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. This indicates that Selank might play either a direct or an indirect role in influencing the mechanisms of lipid metabolism and could potentially display actions that lower cholesterol (hypocholesterolemic) and lipid levels (hypolipidemic). Moreover, the investigation noted discernible enhancements in parameters related to hemostasis, including elevated total fibrinolytic activity and decreased platelet aggregation, which may suggest improvements in conditions that favor clot formation. Additionally, the study points to a possible modulatory action of Selank on glucose homeostasis, which involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels. The fat metabolism rate of the Selank group also was reportedly improved and was eventually measured at the same rate as those in control models. Upon weight determination of the murine models, it was noted that the control group exhibited an average weight gain of 40g throughout the study, whereas the experiment group maintained the same weight throughout the study, with gradual weight reduction upon peptide presentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelank peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.corepeptides.com\/terms\/\"\u003eTerms and Conditions\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebefore ordering.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInozemtseva, L. S., Karpenko, E. A., Dolotov, O. V., Levitskaya, N. G., Kamensky, A. A., Andreeva, L. A., \u0026amp; Grivennikov, I. A. (2008). Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoklady biological sciences: proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e421\u003c\/em\u003e, 241–243.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0012496608040066\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0012496608040066\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNajjar VA. Tuftsin, a natural activator of phagocyte cells: an overview. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1983;419:1-11. doi: 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1983.tb37086.x.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6370072\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/6370072\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSemenova, T. P., kozlovskiĭ, I. I., Zakharova, N. M., \u0026amp; Kozlovskaia, M. M. (2009).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eEksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e72\u003c\/em\u003e(4), 6–8.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFridkin M, Stabinsky Y, Zakuth V, Spirer Z. Tuftsin and some analogs: synthesis and interaction with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Jan 24;496(1):203-11.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/576412\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/576412\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKozlovskaya MM, Kozlovskii II, Val'dman EA, Seredenin SB. Selank and short peptides of the tuftsin family in the regulation of adaptive behavior in stress. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Nov;33(9):853-60.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14969422\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14969422\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElena Filatova et al., GABA, Selank, and Olanzapine Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission in IMR-32 Cells.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00089\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00089\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolkova, A., Shadrina, M., Kolomin, T., Andreeva, L., Limborska, S., Myasoedov, N., \u0026amp; Slominsky, P. (2016). Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission. Frontiers in pharmacology, 7, 31.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4757669\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4757669\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT.A Kolomin et al., Transcriptomic Response of Rat Hippocampus and Spleen Cells to Single and Chronic Administration of the Peptide Selank. June 2, 2009.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S1607672910010023\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1134\/S1607672910010023\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZozulia AA, Neznamov GG, Siuniakov TS, Kost NV, Gabaeva MV, Sokolov OIu, Serebriakova EV, Siranchieva OA, Andriushenko AV, Telesheva ES, Siuniakov SA, Smulevich AB, Miasoedov NF, Seredenin SB. Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic selank in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2008;108(4):38-48. Russian.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18454096\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18454096\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedvedev VE, Tereshchenko ON, Israelian AIu, Chobanu IK, Kost NV, Sokolov OIu, Miasoedov NF. A comparison of the anxiolytic effect and tolerability of selank and phenazepam in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2014;114(7):17-22. Russian.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25176261\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25176261\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKozlovskii II, Danchev ND. The optimizing action of the synthetic peptide Selank on a conditioned active avoidance reflex in rats. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Sep;33(7):639-43.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14552529\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14552529\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUchakina ON, Uchakin PN, Miasoedov NF, Andreeva LA, Shcherbenko VE, Mezentseva MV, Gabaeva MV, Sokolov OIu, Zozulia AA, Ershov FI. Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2008;108(5):71-5. Russian.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18577961\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18577961\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKolik LG, Nadorova AV, Kozlovskaya MM. Efficacy of peptide anxiolytic selank during modeling of withdrawal syndrome in rats with stable alcoholic motivation. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 May;157(1):52-5.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24913576\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24913576\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGan'shina TS, Kozlovskiĭ II. [Effects of the new peptide anxiolytic drug selank on the cardiovascular system functioning and respiration in cats]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2005 Jul-Aug;68(4):33-5. Russian.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16193654\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16193654\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eN.F. Mjasoedov et al, The Influence of Selank on the Parameters of the Hemostasis System, Lipid Profile, and Blood Sugar Level in the Course of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome. April 14, 2014.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"20mg","offer_id":43680607404141,"sku":"QT-2103-20MG","price":97.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/VialImage_Selank-20mg.png?v=1768935584"},{"product_id":"bpc-157-peptide-20mg","title":"BPC-157 Peptide","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBPC-157 Peptide\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe BPC-157 peptide, also known as Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 or Body Protection Compound 157, is a synthetic compound that has been suggested in various studies to assist with healing joint, tendon, and muscle tissue, as well as nerve tissue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the name suggests, Body Protection Compound (BPC) is an amino acid fragment isolated from gastric juice.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21030672\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBPC-157 has been steadily researched for its potential in wound healing. Presentation of BPC-157 may stimulate the growth hormone (GH) receptors, thereby inducing similar GH potential. BPC-157 peptide appears to bind with growth hormone receptors, possibly stimulating cell proliferation. This may lead to the development of new tissue composed of collagen and the development of a network of blood vessels in a process also called ‘angiogenesis.’ Consequently, the wound is ‘rebuilt’ and healed faster than the usual rate.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21030672\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBPC-157 has also been studied in correlation to gastrointestinal function. Serotonin, an enteric neurotransmitter, is localized in the GI tract and GI mucosa. Altered serotonin levels may inhibit gastric acid secretion, affecting gut mucosal function and influencing gastric blood flow.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3919396\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003eBPC-157 appears to have a particular antidepressant activity, which may counteract serotonin-induced action. The peptide may counteract the 5-HT2A receptors, restricting the serotonin binding with these receptors and thereby inhibiting its action.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5333585\/#r1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e3\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe peptide has been researched for its potential action across diverse functions, including tissue repair, pain perception, gastrointestinal regulation, and tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone cell reparations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple studies have since been conducted to understand the full action of the peptide, especially in the area of healing gastrointestinal ulceration, which is elaborated on below. Studies have suggested the peptide may increase the build-up of the blood vessels and induce anti-inflammation potential via improving functional recovery.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-007-7056-8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e4\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Makeup\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAS#: \u003c\/strong\u003e137525-51-0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eC\u003csub\u003e62\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e98\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e16\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e22\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1419.55 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther Known Titles:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBody Protection Compound-157\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch and Clinical Studies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eBPC-157 Peptide and Wound Healing\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a study, three experimental murine models were used – first with skin tissue wounds, second with colon tissue anastomosis, and third with synthetic sponge implantation. A portion of the murine models were presented with a placebo, whereas others were presented with the BPC 157 peptide. After the study, all models were histologically examined. The researchers reported that the BPC-157 murine models appeared to exhibit higher numbers of collagen, reticulin, and blood vessel development than the ones in the control group.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9403790\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e5\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a particular study, researchers explored the theory that the peptide BPC-157 might potentially hasten wound healing compared to a control group. This hypothesis was rooted in observing possible improvements in several key areas of wound healing. These included the formation of new granulation tissue, which is critical in the healing process, along with reepithelialization. In this process, new epithelial cells form to replace those damaged by the wound. Additionally, there was an observation of potential improvements in dermal remodeling, a phase where the skin regains strength and elasticity, and collagen deposition, crucial for tissue repair.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S82030\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e6\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study also suggested that BPC-157 might have enhanced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the injured skin tissues. VEGF is a significant protein that promotes blood vessel growth, vital to healing damaged tissues. The researchers further speculated that the peptide could have influenced umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation (HUVECs). These cells line the blood vessels and are considered to be integral to forming new blood vessels during wound healing.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S82030\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e6\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, there was a conjecture about a noticeable increase in the migration of HUVECs. This observation was based on results from wound healing assays, tests designed to measure various aspects of wound healing. The presence of BPC-157 might have led to an increased expression of VEGF-a, a variant of VEGF, and consequently accelerated the formation of vascular tubes in a laboratory setting. Moreover, the study hinted at the possibility that BPC-157 might influence the activity of specific proteins and enzymes involved in cellular signaling pathways. Specifically, it seemed that BPC-157 could regulate the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1\/2). Phosphorylation is a process that activates or deactivates many protein enzymes and is a crucial step in sending signals within cells. The affected enzymes, ERK1\/2, along with their downstream targets, including c-Fos, c-Jun, and Egr-1, are believed to play significant roles in cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, which is the development of new blood vessels.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S82030\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e6\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eBPC-157 Peptide and Tendon Healing\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn experiment was conducted in the cultured tendon fibroblasts derived from the tendons of murine models. The cultures were divided into two groups; one was the control, whereas the other was presented with the peptide. Following the study, the following was reported:\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21030672\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe peptide appeared to promote the outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts and tissue healing;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEven under H2O2 stress, BPC-157 appeared to stimulate apparent cell survival under stress;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe peptide appeared to promote migration of the tendon fibroblasts;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBPC-157 reportedly induced increased levels of phosphorylation of both PAK and paxillin, while the total protein level remained unchanged.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUpon analysis, it was suggested that the peptide may impact tendon healing, tendon outgrowth, and cell survival via the F-actin formation and activation of the FAK and paxillin pathways.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21030672\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eF-actin formation is considered a key component in the cell's cytoskeleton, providing structure and aiding in cell movement. If BPC-157 enhances F-actin formation, this might indicate an improvement in the cytoskeletal organization and cell motility of tendon fibroblasts, which are essential for the repair and regeneration of tendon tissues. Further into the study, researchers utilized Western blotting, a laboratory method to detect specific proteins in a sample. Through this analysis, they suggested that BPC-157 might activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, two proteins that play a significant role in cellular processes. The tentative finding was that the phosphorylation levels of FAK and paxillin appeared to increase in the presence of BPC-157. Interestingly, the total amounts of these proteins appeared to have remained unchanged, leading to the speculation that BPC-157's role might be more about activating existing molecules rather than increasing their production. This led to a further hypothesis that BPC-157 might activate the FAK-paxillin pathway. This pathway is considered to promote cell migration and adhesion, especially in tendon fibroblasts. The activation of this pathway could imply that BPC-157 plays a role in enhancing the movement and adherence of these cells, which are key processes in tendon healing and regeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eBPC-157 Peptide and Gastrointestinal Healing\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA study was conducted to scrutinize the action of BPC-157 peptide against similar angiogenic growth factors such as EGF, FGF, and VEGF. The primary assumptions were that BPC-157 is highly stable, biocompatible, and sufficient to exert action when presented by itself. While the study reported improved healing, only BPC-157 appeared to have exhibited consistent results in all wound types (i.e., chronic and acute) on the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and lower GI tract. This study suggested the extent of the angiogenic potential of the peptide is apparently very high as it appeared to extend not only on local wounds and ligaments but also on GI wounds and bone healing.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29998800\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e7\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eBPC-157 Peptide and Tissue Damage\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA study was conducted to understand the extent of the angiogenic potential of the peptide beyond local wounds, ligaments, and GI tract wounds and to study its action on multiple gastrointestinal lesions on the pancreas, liver injuries, heart damage, endothelium damage, and blood pressure. Following the results, scientists suggested that the BPC-157 peptide may induce a network of activities via peptidergic defense systems. There is also a possibility that BPC-157 may play a role in addressing both acute and chronic inflammation, aiding in wound healing, and assisting in the healing of fractures, including cases of pseudoarthrosis. This broad spectrum of potential suggests that BPC-157 could be part of the organism's unique peptidergic defense system.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-999-0022-z\u0026amp;nbsp;https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17657443\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e8\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are several neurotransmitters and functions considered by scientists to be important, such as dopamine, nitrous oxide, prostaglandin, and other neuron systems. Any over-activity or inhibition of these systems may lead to lesions in different organs. BPC-157, through its defense system, appears to counteract these systems and possibly reverse their over-activation and inhibition. The researchers commented that these might include important systems, ”\u003cem\u003enamely, dopamine-, NO-, prostaglandin-, somatosensory neuron-system,\u003c\/em\u003e” and more.\u003csup\u003e(\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-999-0022-z\u0026amp;nbsp;https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17657443\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e8\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eBPC-157 Peptide and Muscle Healing\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA study was conducted on murine models with injured gastrocnemius muscle complex. These murine models were then presented with methylprednisolone (corticosteroid). These corticosteroid murine models were then divided into two groups: one was presented with BPC-157, and the other was presented with a placebo. Both compounds were presented once in 24 hours and examined on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14. Upon examination, it was reported that the corticosteroid appeared to significantly worsen the muscle damage in the murine models. However, BPC-157 appeared to exhibit apparent signs of healing and restoration of the damaged gastrocnemius muscle and restoring functioning ability.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20190676\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e9\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmphetamine-Induced Hypersensitivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaboratory experiments have suggested that the BPC-157 peptide may have the ability to heal multiple different lesions – in the GI tract, liver, pancreas, and others. This trend in lab findings indicated that the peptide had some interaction with the dopamine system. To investigate further, this study presented the BPC-157 peptide in amphetamine (dopamine agonist) murine models. It was observed that BPC-157 appeared to be able to reverse the amphetamine-induced excitability in the murine models. Furthermore, murine models were presented with another dopamine agonist, haloperidol, and then presented with amphetamine on days 1, 2, 4, and 10. These murine models were then presented with BPC-157 to illustrate its action. Upon examination, it was suggested by the researchers that the peptide appeared to cause an almost complete reversal of the haloperidol action.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9547930\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e10\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eBPC-157 Peptide and Central Nervous System\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a particular study using a murine model, researchers explored the potential of BPC-157 in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI). BPC-157 might have played a role in significantly reducing the damage caused by TBI in experimental models, as indicated by improved early outcomes in the experiments conducted. During the critical 24-hour period following the injury, the observations hinted a minimal mortality rate in the BPC-157 group. Furthermore, the severity of traumatic lesions typically associated with TBI, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space between the brain and the tissues that cover it), intraventricular hemorrhage (bleeding inside the brain's ventricular system), brain laceration, and hemorrhagic laceration, appeared to be less pronounced in the murine models of the BPC-157 group. This suggested a protective potential of the peptide against such injuries.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.11.012\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e11\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother interesting observation was the considerable improvement in brain edema, swelling in the brain tissue often caused by traumatic injuries. The hypothesis extended to the possibility that if BPC-157 were introduced before the occurrence of TBI, it might show an improved ratio of conscious\/unconscious\/death states in the test subjects. In other words, the peptide might potentially prevent or reduce the severity of unconsciousness and lower mortality rates associated with TBI in experimental models. Moreover, there was a suggestion that the immediate exposure of BPC-157 immediately before the injury may have mitigated the damage in the murine models subjected to a force impulse, typically used to simulate TBI in research. This hinted at the possibility of the peptide having preventive or protective potential against the immediate consequences of traumatic brain injury in experimental models.\u003csup\u003e(\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.11.012\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e11\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBPC 157 peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.corepeptides.com\/terms\/\"\u003eTerms and Conditions\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebefore ordering.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChang, Chung-Hsun et al. “The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.” Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) vol. 110,3 (2011): 774-80. doi:10.1152\/japplphysiol.00945.2010.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21030672\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21030672\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrmsbee, H S 3rd, and J D Fondacaro. “Action of serotonin on the gastrointestinal tract.” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) vol. 178,3 (1985): 333-8. doi:10.3181\/00379727-178-42016.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3919396\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3919396\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSikiric, Predrag et al. “Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.” Current neuropharmacology vol. 14,8 (2016): 857-865. doi:10.2174\/1570159x13666160502153022.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5333585\/#r1\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5333585\/#r1\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrivic, A., Majerovic, M., Jelic, I. et al. Modulation of early functional recovery of Achilles tendon to bone unit after transection by BPC 157 and methylprednisolone. Inflamm. res. 57, 205–210 (2008).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-007-7056-8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-007-7056-8\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eS Seiwerth, et al. “BPC 157's effect on healing.” Journal of physiology, Paris vol. 91,3-5 (1997): 173-8. doi:10.1016\/s0928-4257(97)89480-6.\u003cspan\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9403790\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9403790\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuang, T., Zhang, K., Sun, L., Xue, X., Zhang, C., Shu, Z., Mu, N., Gu, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., \u0026amp; Zhang, W. (2015). Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eDrug design, development and therapy\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e9\u003c\/em\u003e, 2485–2499. \u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S82030\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S82030\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeiwerth, Sven et al. “BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing.” Current pharmaceutical design vol. 24,18 (2018): 1972-1989. doi:10.2174\/1381612824666180712110447. \u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29998800\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29998800\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSikiric P. (1999). The pharmacological properties of the novel peptide BPC 157 (PL-10).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eInflammopharmacology\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e7\u003c\/em\u003e(1), 1–14.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-999-0022-z\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-999-0022-z\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17657443\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17657443\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePevec D, Novinscak T, Brcic L, Sipos K, Jukic I, Staresinic M, Mise S, Brcic I, Kolenc D, Klicek R, Banic T, Sever M, Kocijan A, Berkopic L, Radic B, Buljat G, Anic T, Zoricic I, Bojanic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Impact of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on muscle healing impaired by systemic corticosteroid application. Med Sci Monit. 2010 Mar;16(3):BR81-88. PMID: 20190676. \u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20190676\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20190676\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJelovac, N et al. “A novel pentadecapeptide, BPC 157, blocks the stereotypy produced acutely by amphetamine and the development of haloperidol-induced supersensitivity to amphetamine.” Biological psychiatry vol. 43,7 (1998): 511-9. doi:10.1016\/s0006-3223(97)00277-1.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9547930\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9547930\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTudor, M., Jandric, I., Marovic, A., Gjurasin, M., Perovic, D., Radic, B., Blagaic, A. B., Kolenc, D., Brcic, L., Zarkovic, K., Seiwerth, S., \u0026amp; Sikiric, P. (2010). Traumatic brain injury in mice and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effect.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eRegulatory peptides\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e160\u003c\/em\u003e(1-3), 26–32.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.11.012\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.11.012\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGwyer, D., Wragg, N.M. \u0026amp; Wilson, S.L. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell Tissue Res 377, 153–159 (2019).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03016-8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-019-03016-8\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVeljaca, Marija et al, The development of PL 14736 for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Advanced in GI pharmacology, 2002 O-32. \u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bib.irb.hr\/192824\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.bib.irb.hr\/192824\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers to study safety and pharmacokinetics of BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide from gastric source.\u003cspan\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02637284?\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02637284?\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42651422261357,"sku":"QT-2106-20MG","price":187.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/VialImage_BPC-157-20mg.png?v=1768877973"},{"product_id":"n-acetyl-selank-20mg","title":"N-Acetyl Selank (20mg)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eN-Acetyl Selank Peptide\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN-Acetyl Selank is a short, synthetic heptapeptide analogous to the naturally occurring peptide called\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eTuftsin.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e(1)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eTuftsin is an endogenous tetrapeptide that appears to regulate the immune system. Selank peptide may exhibit immunomodulatory potential; however, it has also been studied in models of anxiety and cognitive decline for its nootropic potential. Apart from the homology with tuftsin, the peptide appears to have a Pro-Gly-Pro fragment at its C-terminus, which may provide an enhancement of Selank's potential to traverse through different tissues and models including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a highly selective, semi-permeable border that separates the circulating blood from the tissues and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system, and is considered to play a crucial role in regulating the passage of substances. Pro-Gly-Pro addition might enhance BBB permeability by potentially impacting the peptide's overall hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, thereby increasing its affinity for the lipid-rich environment of the BBB. Additionally, the Pro-Gly-Pro sequence may interact with specific transport mechanisms or receptors at the BBB, potentially triggering a facilitated transport or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Such processes might allow Selank to bypass the tight junctions that normally restrict the passage of large molecules. Pro-Gly-Pro fragment may also influence the peptide's tertiary structure in a way that makes it more conducive to crossing the BBB.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurther, N-Acetyl Selank Amidate has an additional acetyl group attached to the N-terminus. Adding an acetyl group to the N-terminus in N-Acetyl Selank Amidate may improve the peptide's stability through several speculative mechanisms. Acetylation might potentially shield the peptide from rapid enzymatic degradation by exopeptidases, as it might make the N-terminus less accessible or recognizable to these enzymes. Additionally, acetylation may induce changes in the peptide's structure, possibly leading to a more stable conformation that resists denaturation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOverview\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies suggest that the Selank peptide produces possible action in several ways:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFirstly, by potentially stimulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors system.\u003csup\u003e(2)\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003eGABA is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, reducing neuronal excitability, promoting relaxation, and alleviating anxiety. Researchers have posited Selank to potentiate the capacity to induce changes in the expression of genes associated with GABA receptors, transporters, and ion channels. This implies that Selank might potentially influence GABAergic neurotransmission by modulating the availability or functionality of these key components. Furthermore, studies posit that Selank's actions may potentially extend beyond direct actions on GABA receptor gene expression to allosteric modulation of the GABAergic system. This is hinted at by the differential gene expression patterns observed following Selank and GABA exposure, wherein Selank appeared to have uniquely influenced the expression of certain genes. This nuanced action suggests that Selank may modulate the GABAergic system's function in a manner distinct from the straightforward receptor activation induced by GABA. Selank might also initiate longer-lasting alterations in neurotransmitter systems, potentially explaining its prolonged anxiolytic actions in experimental models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSecondly, the peptide may potentially interact with serotonin signaling.\u003csup\u003e(3)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSerotonin signaling in the brain is posited to regulate mood and anxiety. Experiments in murine models with blocked serotonin synthesis suggest that Selank may exert the potential to modulate serotonin levels under compromised serotonergic function. Selank was posited to enhance serotonin metabolism in the brainstem via a rapid onset of action on the serotonin system. Specifically, the peptide was suggested to promote increased metabolic activity of serotonin in parts of the brain linked to regulating mood and anxiety. Further, the study posits that Selank's potential to elevate serotonin metabolism indicates a possible mechanism through which Selank might correct disturbances associated with reduced serotonin function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThirdly, the peptide may act by potentially modulating enkephalin signaling.\u003csup\u003e(4)(5)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eStudies have posited that Selank may have an inhibitory action on enkephalin-degrading enzymes. This indicates that Selank might slow down the degradation of enkephalins. Enkephalins, as natural ligands of opioid receptors, are considered to play a role in pain perception and modulating mood and stress, implying that Selank’s action on these enzymes might enhance the availability of enkephalins, thereby potentially amplifying their actions. Studies also posit that there may be a tau(1\/2) leu-enkephalin increase during Selank exposure in anxiety models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFinally, the peptide may potentially affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression.\u003csup\u003e(8)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSelank has been suggested to significantly elevate BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus, a part of the central nervous system. Selank's potential to enhance BDNF expression, especially in the context of stress and glucocorticoid-induced suppression of BDNF, points towards its potential research implications for ameliorating reduced neuroplasticity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFurthermore, researchers are currently investigating the potential actions of the peptide via genome expression and involvement in the inflammatory process.\u003csup\u003e(7)\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eChemical Makeup\u003csup\u003e(8)\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'DengXian Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;\"\u003eCAS#: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'DengXian Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;\"\u003e2212313-10-6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'DengXian Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;\"\u003eSequence:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'DengXian Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; font-weight: normal;\"\u003e Ac-TPRKEPV-NH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'DengXian Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003e C\u003csub\u003e35\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e59\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 793.92 g\/mol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'DengXian Light'; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;\"\u003ename\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003e TP-7, Selanc\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 0in; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch and Clinical Studies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnfortunately, research on N-Acetyl Selank in its acetylated form is still sparse. However, the peptide is expected to have similar impacts as its unacetylated counterpart, Selank, with the addition possibly only affecting the peptide by providing higher stability. Because of this lack of research data, we cite only Selank studies below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Selank and Anxiolytic Action\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, a clinical study\u003csup\u003e(5)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewas conducted on research models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The research models were divided into two groups – half were presented with allopathic anxiety compounds, and the other half were presented with Selank peptide. After completing this study, the psychometric levels of all models were examined.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the results, it was suggested that the Selank peptide appeared to be potentially as impactful as the control compound in reducing the models’ anxiety levels. The peptide-exposed group also exhibited reportedly positive psychostimulant reactions. As per A A Zozulia\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eet al., “The clinical-biological study revealed that [models] with GAD and neurasthenia had the decreased level of tau(1\/2) leu-enkephalin [...]. The increase of this parameter and stronger positive correlations with anxiety level were observed during the [exposure to] Selank.”\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Selank and Anxiety\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this clinical study,\u003csup\u003e(9)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eresearch models of standard anxiety and phobia thresholds were examined. The research models were separated into an experimental and control group; the controls were exposed to an allopathic compound, and the experimental group was exposed to Selank peptide. After this study's completion, the results appeared to indicate the peptide's anxiolytic and nootropic potential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Selank and Mental Cognition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch studies\u003csup\u003e(10)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eevaluated experimental murine models following exposure to Selank peptide, after which the mice underwent ‘training’ exercises for four days to learn conditioned avoidance response (CAR). Observing the behavior of the models throughout the training period, researchers observed that the learning abilities of murine models appeared to improve as the number of errors reduced over time, compared to control models under the same conditions. These researchers suggested that the peptide may have exhibited nootropic potential. It is posited that such actions on learning and memory might involve several interconnected mechanisms, such as the modulation of neuropeptide systems in the brain, leveraging the potential role these peptides may play in cognitive functions to enhance learning and memory processes. Further, Selank may influence the neural pathways associated with memory consolidation, possibly improving synaptic stability and efficiency, deemed essential for learning. Selank might also facilitate cognitive performance indirectly by reducing anxiety-related parameters, which may often hinder learning efficiency, suggesting a role in the affective components of cognition. The peptide may also have the unique potential to enhance neural plasticity or resilience in underperforming cognitive circuits, thereby improving their functionality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Selank and Immunomodulation\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch models of anxiety and neurasthenia were evaluated in this study\u003csup\u003e(11)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efollowing routine exposure to Selank for two weeks. After two weeks, blood samples were collected and analyzed. It was reported that there was a significant rise in the levels of interleukin-6 cytokines and alteration in the Th1 to Th2 cytokine ratio. As per O.N. Uchakina\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eet al., \"The cytokine regulating effects revealed in the study suggest that Selank [might act as] a novel immunomodulator in … anxiety-asthenic disorders. Additionally, the adaptogenic properties of Selank may benefit … environmental stressors to prevent infectious diseases.”\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Selank and Substance Withdrawal\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA study\u003csup\u003e(12)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein experimental murine models infused the animals with 10% ethanol for 24 weeks. Upon discontinuing alcohol infusion, these murine models exhibited significant alcohol withdrawal symptoms. At this time, the peptide was then given to all affected murine models. 48 hours after the peptide, it was suggested by the researchers that the alcohol withdrawal symptoms were reportedly reduced in all murine models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eN-Acetyl Selank and Cholesterol Control\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn one study,\u003csup\u003e(13)\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emurine models were subjected to a high-fat diet for six consecutive weeks until they gained a standard set weight. At that time, the models were divided into two groups – one exposed to a sodium chloride solution and the rest to the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.corepeptides.com\/peptides\/selank-10mg\/\"\u003eSelank peptide\u003c\/a\u003e. Upon analysis, it was observed that the peptide group exhibited apparently improved fat metabolism, with a reported reduction of cholesterol levels up to 58%. Most notably, the researchers suggested that Selank may potentially decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. This suggests Selank may have either a direct or indirect role in modulating lipid metabolism and may possibly exhibit hypocholesterolemic and\/or hypolipidemic action. Furthermore, the study observed apparent improvements in hemostasis parameters, such as increased total fibrinolytic activity and a reduction in platelet aggregation, which might imply amelioration of prothrombotic states. The research also hints at a potential regulatory action of Selank on glucose homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Selank peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.corepeptides.com\/terms\/\"\u003eTerms and Conditions\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebefore ordering.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKozlovskaya MM, Kozlovskii II, Val'dman EA, Seredenin SB. Selank and short peptides of the tuftsin family in the regulation of adaptive behavior in stress. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Nov;33(9):853-60.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14969422\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14969422\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVolkova, A., Shadrina, M., Kolomin, T., Andreeva, L., Limborska, S., Myasoedov, N., \u0026amp; Slominsky, P. (2016). Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission. Frontiers in pharmacology, 7, 31.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4757669\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4757669\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSemenova, T. P., kozlovskiĭ, I. I., Zakharova, N. M., \u0026amp; Kozlovskaia, M. M. (2009).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eEksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e72\u003c\/em\u003e(4), 6–8.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKost, N. V., Sokolov, O. I.u, Gabaeva, M. V., Grivennikov, I. A., Andreeva, L. A., Miasoedov, N. F., \u0026amp; Zozulia, A. A. (2001). Ingibiruiushchee deĭstvie semaksa i selanka na énkefalindegradiruiushchie fermenty syvorotki krovi cheloveka [Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum]].\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eBioorganicheskaia khimiia\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e27\u003c\/em\u003e(3), 180–183.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1011373002885\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1011373002885\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZozulia, A. A., Neznamov, G. G., Siuniakov, T. S., Kost, N. V., Gabaeva, M. V., Sokolov, O. I.u, Serebriakova, E. V., Siranchieva, O. A., Andriushenko, A. V., Telesheva, E. S., Siuniakov, S. A., Smulevich, A. B., Miasoedov, N. F., \u0026amp; Seredenin, S. B. (2008).\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eZhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e108\u003c\/em\u003e(4), 38–48.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInozemtseva, L. S., Karpenko, E. A., Dolotov, O. V., Levitskaya, N. G., Kamensky, A. A., Andreeva, L. A., \u0026amp; Grivennikov, I. A. (2008). Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eDoklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections\u003c\/em\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e421\u003c\/em\u003e, 241–243.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0012496608040066\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0012496608040066\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT.A Kolomin\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eTranscriptomic Response of Rat Hippocampus and Spleen Cells to Single and Chronic Administration of the Peptide Selank. June 2, 2009.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 11765600, Selank.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Selank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Selank\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedvedev VE, Tereshchenko ON, Israelian AIu, Chobanu IK, Kost NV, Sokolov OIu, Miasoedov NF. A comparison of the anxiolytic effect and tolerability of selank and phenazepam in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2014;114(7):17-22. Russian.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25176261\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25176261\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKozlovskii II, Danchev ND. The optimizing action of the synthetic peptide Selank on a conditioned active avoidance reflex in rats. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Sep;33(7):639-43.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14552529\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/14552529\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUchakina ON, Uchakin PN, Miasoedov NF, Andreeva LA, Shcherbenko VE, Mezentseva MV, Gabaeva MV, Sokolov OIu, Zozulia AA, Ershov FI. Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2008;108(5):71-5. Russian.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18577961\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18577961\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKolik LG, Nadorova AV, Kozlovskaya MM. Efficacy of peptide anxiolytic selank during modeling of withdrawal syndrome in rats with stable alcoholic motivation. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 May;157(1):52-5.\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24913576\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24913576\/\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eN.F. Mjasoedov\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eet al,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eThe Influence of Selank on the Parameters of the Hemostasis System, Lipid Profile, and Blood Sugar Level in the Course of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome. April 14, 2014.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42683843051629,"sku":"QT-2104-20MG","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-2104_NASelank-20mg.png?v=1768876421"},{"product_id":"oxytocin-the-love-hormone-1","title":"Oxytocin, the Love Hormone","description":"\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin Peptide – The Love Hormone for Mood, Stress \u0026amp; Emotional Wellness\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhat Is Oxytocin?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin is a natural \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003epeptide hormone and neuropeptide\u003c\/b\u003e, often called the \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e“love hormone”\u003c\/b\u003e, known for its essential role in emotional bonding, social behavior, stress relief, and reproductive health. Synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream and brain, it is a multifunctional molecule with wide-ranging physiological and psychological effects.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin Hormone Benefits for Stress Relief\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin plays a critical role in stress modulation by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It helps reduce cortisol levels and promotes calmness—making it ideal for \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003emanaging stress and anxiety symptoms naturally\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin Peptide for Mood Enhancement\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eElevates mood by increasing serotonin and dopamine activity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eEncourages positive social interactions and emotional openness\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e      \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePromotes feelings of trust, empathy, and emotional bonding\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e       May help in \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eboosting self-esteem and reducing social anxiety\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin (Love Hormone) Uses in Emotional Wellness\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin has shown promise in a variety of neuropsychological conditions, such as:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eAutism Spectrum Disorder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e – May enhance social cognition and communication\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e – Helps reduce hyperarousal and emotional numbing\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMood Disorders \u0026amp; Depression\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e – Offers anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eBorderline Personality Disorder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e – Supports emotional regulation and interpersonal connection\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eClinical Applications \u0026amp; Research Insights\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCognitive Health\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Emerging studies show oxytocin may support memory, attention, and mental clarity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWound Healing\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Accelerates tissue regeneration and cellular repair\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCardiovascular Benefits\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Helps regulate blood pressure, which may reduce cardiovascular risk\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMetabolic Support\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Preliminary findings suggest oxytocin may help balance metabolism in diabetes patients\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eStructural Information\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSequence\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMolecular Formula\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₄₃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₆₆\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₁₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₁₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Cambria Math',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e₂\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: 1007.2 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: 50-56-6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eWhere to Buy Oxytocin Peptide Products\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eLooking for a reliable source for research-grade oxytocin? You can now purchase our high-purity \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eOxytocin peptide for mood enhancement and stress relief\u003c\/b\u003e directly from our store. All products are shipped discreetly and securely for your privacy.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eHow to Increase Oxytocin Levels Naturally\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePhysical Touch\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Hugs, hand-holding, massage\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003ePositive Social Interactions\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Time with friends or loved ones\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eSexual Activity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Physical intimacy boosts oxytocin levels\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eExercise\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Moderate physical activity encourages oxytocin release\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-indent: -.25in; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 12.0pt .5in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e●\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 7.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin Nasal or Body Spray\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e: Easy to use; under study for anxiety, autism, and more\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eFor Research Use Only\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in 12.0pt 0in;\" class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003eOxytocin peptide is offered \u003cb style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eexclusively for laboratory and research purposes\u003c\/b\u003e. Not for human consumption, medical use, or personal application. Always consult local laws and guidelines before purchase.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":45320921645165,"sku":null,"price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 mg","offer_id":45320921677933,"sku":null,"price":397.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-2001_Oxytocin-10mg_5a70fa40-5bb7-4977-84c5-e2bdff2f6e03.png?v=1781054659"},{"product_id":"pt-141-nasal-spray-1","title":"PT-141 Nasal Spray","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePT-141\u003c\/strong\u003e was previously investigated in Phase IIb human clinical trials for use in treating \u003cstrong\u003efemale hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePT-141 binds to the melanocortin-4 and 1 receptors, improving sexual arousal and the immunological system. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePT-141 Nasal Spray\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is an FDA-approved peptide designed specifically for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or impotence in men and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women.  It is the first and only melanocortin receptor agonist approved by the FDA for the treatment of HSDD in premenopausal women. PT-141 targets the central nervous system directly to \u003cstrong\u003eimprove libido and pleasure\u003c\/strong\u003e. It’s an effective and powerful enhancer for both your mood and your senses. With regular use, PT-141 supports a more vibrant and satisfying intimate experience. This convenient nasal spray formulation ensures rapid absorption, making PT-141 a popular choice for those looking to boost libido naturally.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Benefits\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnhances Sexual Arousal:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e PT-141 is known for its ability to improve sexual desire and satisfaction in both men and women, offering a natural solution for libido enhancement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupports Erectile Function:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e For men, PT-141 may help improve erectile function by stimulating the central nervous system, without directly affecting blood flow as traditional ED treatments do.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoosts Sexual Confidence\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e: By enhancing arousal and performance, PT-141 can help individuals feel more confident and reduce anxiety related to sexual activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNatural Libido Enhancement\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e: PT-141 works with the body’s natural processes to improve sexual desire and responsiveness, making it an excellent option for those seeking non-hormonal support for sexual health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePositive Impact of Nasal Spray Delivery:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePT-141 Nasal Spray offers several advantages that can enhance its benefits:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRapid Absorption, Fast Acting\u003c\/strong\u003e: Nasal administration allows PT-141 to be rapidly absorbed through the nasal mucosa and enter the bloodstream, leading to faster onset of action compared to other administration routes. This ensures timely delivery of PT-141 to target tissues, maximizing its effects on sexual function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEasy Use, No Needles!\u003c\/strong\u003e Nasal spray delivery provides a discreet and convenient method of PT-141 supplementation, allowing individuals to administer the peptide easily and discreetly, without the need for injections or oral medications. This enhances compliance and makes PT-141 more accessible to individuals seeking to improve their sexual health.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTargeted Delivery to the Brain\u003c\/strong\u003e: The nasal route provides direct access to the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, allowing PT-141 to exert its effects on sexual desire and arousal more efficiently. This targeted delivery enhances the potency of PT-141 in enhancing sexual function and promoting a satisfying sexual experience.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePossible Side Effects:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePT-141 has been extensively researched and found to be safe and well-tolerated. The most common adverse reaction are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNausea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlushing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeadaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVomiting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarning:\u003c\/strong\u003e PT-141 should not be used by patients with uncontrolled hypertension or known cardiovascular disease and comes with a number of warning and precautions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is for research purpose only, not intended nor approved for treatment of any human diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45321124741229,"sku":null,"price":157.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/PT-141-10mL-bottleimage_6610943c-8731-4ffb-8436-139d47a86aab.png?v=1781062961"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/collections\/QualiTide_Research.png?v=1751922014","url":"https:\/\/sunig0-dr.myshopify.com\/collections\/research-peptides.oembed","provider":"QUALITIDE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}