{"title":"Nucleotides","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, are essential for cell function and \u003cmark class=\"QVRyCf\"\u003ecan be found in health supplements and skincare products\u003c\/mark\u003e, supporting immune health, energy production, and potentially skin regeneration.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pjBG2e\" data-cid=\"a12af710-b47a-49e2-bce6-9e4044f51ade\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"UV3uM\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"nmn-β-nicotinamide-mononucleotide","title":"NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"section1\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN (β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a natural molecule produced by the body and is classified as a nucleotide. Nucleotides are involved in a wide array of important bodily functions, including as the building blocks of DNA. Within the cells, NMN is converted into another molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes such as DNA repair, immune function, conversion of food into a usable form of energy called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and regulation of circadian rhythm. In simple terms, NMN is the raw material and NAD+ is the refined version that the body can actually use to perform essential biological processes. In addition, the amount of NAD+ that the body can produce greatly depends on the available NMN.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ is not very bioavailable. This means that ingesting it directly will not achieve its therapeutic or desired effects. Therefore, one of the most effective ways of boosting NAD+ levels is through NMN supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOverall Health Benefits of NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supports overall health by extending lifespan, producing anti-aging effects, enhancing cognitive and cardiovascular function, improving metabolic health, boosting immunity, and promoting organ health, including the liver, kidneys, and eyes. It also helps combat inflammation, cancer, diabetes symptoms, and supports fertility, energy levels, and weight management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtends lifespan [1-12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduces anti-aging effects [13-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves cognitive function [26-40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLowers the risk of cardiovascular disease [41-55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFights cancer [56-63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves blood sugar levels and treats diabetes symptoms [16, 64-74]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFights inflammation [75-78]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves fertility [79-85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves eye health [86-100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoosts immune function [14, 101-110]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases energy levels [111-117]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePromotes weight loss [118-120]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreats stroke [121-124]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves liver health [125-132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves kidney health [133-137]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Takeaways\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNAD+ Booster:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme in cellular energy production. NAD+ levels decline with age, leading to reduced cellular function. Supplementing with NMN can help restore NAD+ levels, supporting overall health and potentially slowing aspects of aging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAnti-Aging Potential:\u003c\/b\u003e Research suggests NMN may help mitigate age-related decline by promoting cellular repair, enhancing mitochondrial function, and improving metabolic processes. These benefits have made NMN a popular supplement in anti-aging and longevity circles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMetabolic Health Benefits:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN supplementation has been associated with improvements in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and overall metabolic health, which may benefit conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCardiovascular and Neuroprotection:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN shows promise in protecting cardiovascular health by supporting blood vessel function. Additionally, some studies suggest it may offer neuroprotective effects, helping to maintain cognitive function and potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSafety and Dosage:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN is generally considered safe at typical dosages used in studies (ranging from 250-500 mg daily). However, research is ongoing, and while early results are promising, long-term effects and optimal dosage need further exploration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section4\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow NMN Works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20963\" title=\"What Is An Average Dose Of Naltrexone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Nicotinamide-Mononucleotide-Infographic-02-1024x539.jpg\" alt=\"Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide\" width=\"950\" height=\"633\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe health benefits of NMN can be attributed to its ability to boost NAD+ levels. Once NMN is converted into NAD+, activation of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) function in the nucleus of cells happens. SIRT1 is an enzyme that helps regulate proteins involved in cellular metabolism and processes associated with longevity, inflammation, and stress. In addition, the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels counteracts age-related mitochondrial deterioration by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, a process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20963\" title=\"What Is An Average Dose Of Naltrexone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Nicotinamide-Mononucleotide-Chemical-Bond.jpg\" alt=\"Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide\" width=\"576\" height=\"343\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA. Extends Lifespan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the cells, NMN is converted into NAD+ which plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN can contribute to a longer lifespan. Studies show that people with higher NAD+ levels have a longer lifespan compared to those with lower NAD+ levels. [1-5]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that increases longevity is through increasing sirtuin (SIRT) activity which is associated with stable telomeres (located at chromosomes ends). This in turn helps attenuate the age-related telomere shortening which is linked to a shorter lifespan. [6] NMN boosts NAD+ levels which cause activation of SIRT, resulting in stable and longer telomeres. This process helps extends lifespan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via SIRT1 activation. Mitochondrial biogenesis is characterized by the production of new mitochondria (the powerhouse of cells) and is essential for a longer lifespan since mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various age-related diseases and a shorter lifespan. [7-8]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe longevity effects of NMN are backed by a number of studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN maintained telomere length, reduced the DNA damage response, improved mitochondrial function, and rescued liver fibrosis (scarring) in a partially SIRT1-dependent manner. [9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing sirtuin activity is known to stabilize telomeres and attenuate age-related telomere shortening. [10] Since the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve chromosome stability and longer telomeres.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rodent model of decompensated hemorrhagic shock, rats that received NMN had decreased inflammation, improved cellular metabolism, and increased survival. [11]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive neurodegeneration, the addition of NMN in the drinking water of the subjects normalized neuromuscular function, delayed memory loss, and extended lifespan. [12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB. Anti-Aging Effects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial aging contributes to cellular senescence (also known as biological aging), increased inflammation, decreased stem cell activity, reduced healing rate, and a decline in tissue and organ function. [13] Interestingly, studies show that the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels produces anti-aging effects such as increasing mitochondrial numbers, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotion of chromosome stability via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), stimulation of DNA repair, and maintaining telomere length:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe administration of NMN via injections in elderly mice reversed age-related mitochondrial deterioration. It was observed that declining NAD+ levels were associated with interruptions in the normal signaling between the cell’s nucleus and mitochondria and that raising NAD+ levels via NMN administration restored the communication between these cellular structures. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly mice, treatment with NMN improved blood flow and increased endurance via the promotion of SIRT1-dependent increases in capillary density. [15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of NMN prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [16]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy men, the single oral administration of NMN was safe and effectively metabolized without any adverse effects, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate disorders related to aging. [17-18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN effectively mitigated the age-associated physiological decline in the lungs of old mice and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in young mice. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN treatment promoted mitochondrial rejuvenation and decreased inflammation. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn pre-aging male mice, oral short-term administration of NMN significantly increased telomere length. [21]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElevating NAD+ levels has been shown to slow down various mechanisms associated with aging such as decreased energy production in the mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cognitive impairment, and inflammation. [22-23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has been shown to slow down age-related changes in the skin by restoring skin homeostasis, protecting against oxidative stress, increasing mitochondrial efficiency, and reducing excess melanin production. [24-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eC. Improves Cognitive Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA decline in NAD+ levels is associated with brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other conditions that cause cognitive impairment. [26] By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN can lower the risk for these medical conditions. Another interesting mechanism is that the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels can decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are linked to various brain disorders. Moreover, NMN can also help reverse the age-related cognitive decline by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of NMN on cognitive function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn an Alzheimer’s disease-relevant murine model, NMN treatment restored mitochondrial respiratory function in the brain. [27]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease, NMN treatment significantly decreased the production of β-amyloid (abnormal protein structures), loss of nerve signaling, and inflammatory response. [28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment, NMN protected against cognitive decline. [29]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older rats, NMN treatment at a dose of 100 mg\/kg alleviated aging-induced \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/hormone-therapy\/womens-hormones\/hormone-imbalance-in-women\/menopause\/symptoms-of-menopause\/memory-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ememory\u003c\/a\u003e impairment via modulation of mitochondrial function and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the brain. [30]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn D-galactose-induced aging rat models, the combination of NMN and lycopene improved the ability of spatial location learning and memory. [31]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN ameliorated neuronal damage and cognitive impairment caused by severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels). [32]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN protected against diabetes-induced memory deficits by preserving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function and preventing neuronal loss. [33]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the brain cells of aged rats, NMN treatment increased the formation of new blood vessels and decreased the production of oxidative stress. [34]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, NMN protected against β-amyloid oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal death. [35]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN supplementation improved cognitive function by ameliorating age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. [36]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NMN can help improve cognitive function by promoting the renewal of neural stem\/progenitor cells (NSPCs) via SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6. [37-38]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, short-term NMN supplementation improved the sensory processing aspect of some aversive stimuli, suggesting that the treatment can treat cognitive impairments and enhance the quality of life in old age. [39]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), ameliorated mitochondrial inhibitor-induced impairments of energy metabolism and inhibited death of brain cells. [40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eD. Lowers the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels activates SIRT1, which in turn increases the production of cardioprotective molecules, such as MnSOD (antioxidants), Trx1 (antioxidants), and Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic). [41] In addition, SIRT1 activation can also help protect the heart from inflammation and oxidative stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompelling evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN protected against heart injury caused by insufficient blood flow (ischemia). [42]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study suggests that NMN exerts its cardioprotective effects by generating adenosine triphosphate via glucose breakdown. [43]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with ischemia, NMN (62.5mg\/kg) dramatically ameliorated injury and significantly improved the neurological outcome. [44]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN treatment prevented post-ischemic depletion of mitochondrial NAD+, suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation, and reduced oxidative stress via SIRT3-dependent mechanisms. [45-46]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the heart cells of mice, short-term administration of NMN preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced oxidative stress, and prevented cell death in the heart. [47]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies reported that NMN administration in patients with intractable cardiac diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may produce beneficial effects. [48-49]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and programmed cell death. [50]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged male rats, NMN counteracted damage to the heart muscle by activating SIRT3\/FOXO1 and reducing programmed cell death. [51]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with heart scarring, NMN administration via injections reduced scarring by suppressing oxidative stress and Smad3 acetylation in a NAD+\/SIRT1-dependent manner. [52]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN administration increased NAD+ levels and protected against ischemic heart injury. [53-55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eE. Fights Cancer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial respiration malfunction and increased glucose uptake are mechanisms observed in cancer cells. [56] The NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels has been shown to increase mitochondrial respiration and reduce glucose (blood sugar) uptake, indicating that NMN may help combat cancer. Another important mechanism is that NMN increases NAD+ levels which in turn activates SIRT1 and SIRT6, both of which inhibit the growth and spread of tumors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies support the anti-cancer properties of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels is associated with cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death of malignant cells, enhanced efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy, and prevention of cancer cell progression. [57-61]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has been shown to combat cancer by boosting cellular energy and enhancing DNA repair activity. [62]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has also been shown to enhance colorectal cancer cell-kill by the chemotherapeutic drug Tiazofurin. [63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eF. Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Diabetes Symptoms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the ability to improve the body’s response to the hormone insulin, which helps blood sugar enter the cells. This process is called insulin sensitivity. With increased insulin sensitivity, blood sugar stays at healthy levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe blood sugar-lowering effects of NMN and its benefits on diabetes symptoms are backed by a number of studies:In mice, the administration of NMN prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [16]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn prediabetic women, NMN supplementation at 250 mg\/day increased muscle insulin sensitivity. [64]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, increased NAD+ levels induced by NMN improved blood glucose and lipid homeostasis by increasing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3. [65-66]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice with type 2 diabetes, NMN improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles. [67]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN treatment ameliorated NAD+ deficiency and improved insulin secretion. [68]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with fructose, a type of sugar, administration of NMN restored insulin secretion by correcting inflammation of the islet of the pancreas (responsible for insulin production). [69]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NMN supplementation for 12 months decreased insulin resistance in mice. [70-71]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, NMN administered via intravenous injections improved glucose tolerance. [72]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NMN can stimulate insulin secretion. [73]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn lean type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas (anti-diabetic medication), NMN improved insulin secretion and metabolic control. [74]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eG.Fights Inflammation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the potential to suppress inflammaging, which is the age-related increase in inflammation. Specifically, NMN has been found to suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that synthesizes the proinflammatory mediators known as prostaglandins. With this effect, NMN can help treat and ward off a wide array of inflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA convincing number of studies support the anti-inflammatory effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via suppression of COX-2. [75]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aging mice, NMN reduced inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). [76]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with inflammation of the abdomen due to blood infection, NMN prevented clinical deterioration and improved survival. [77]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NMN inhibited endothelial inflammation and improved the function of nitric oxide (a substance that widens the blood vessels). [78]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eH. Improves Fertility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the capacity to improve male and female fertility. It does this by improving the quality of both the egg cell and sperm cell. This in turn ensures successful fertilization and pregnancy. In addition, NMN can also help reverse some of the effects of aging on the reproductive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe beneficial effects of NMN on male and female reproductive health are backed by a number of studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animal subjects, NMN supplementation protected egg cell quality against environmental pollutant-induced deterioration, contributing to improved fertility. [79]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged animals, treatment with the NAD+ metabolic precursor NMN rejuvenated egg cell quality, leading to the restoration of fertility. [80-81]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN supplementation improved the quality of porcine egg cells under heat stress by restoring cell division. [82]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupplementation of NMN improved the quality of postovulatory aged porcine egg cells. [83]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn female mice, NMN supplementation improved egg cell quality by restoring mitochondrial structures. [84]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, NMN treatment significantly increased the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatogenic cells and sperms. [85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Improves Eye Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRestoration of NAD+ through NMN supplementation can help protect photoreceptors (special cells in the retina that converts light into signals that are sent to the brain) against light-induced retinal damage. [86-87] The exact mechanism of NMN-induced eye protection can be attributed to SIRT1 activation since it is essential in the development and survival of the retina. Alterations in SIRT1 activity have been linked to various eye conditions such as aged retina, diabetic retinopathy, light-induced retinal degeneration, and oxygen-induced retinal damage. [88-93]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NMN supplementation is essential for eye health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment increased NAD+ levels and improved cell viability, reduced programmed cell death, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in corneal epithelial cells. [94]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn high-glucose-treated human corneal epithelial cells, NMN increased cell viability by reversing cell damage, reducing programmed cell death, increasing cell migration, and restoring the structures of corneal cells. [95]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that NMN supplementation can treat glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration by correcting NAD+ pool depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. [96]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (cellular dysfunction and death after the restoration of blood flow to tissues with previously impaired blood circulation), NMN injection significantly suppressed retinal functional damage and inflammation and protected against oxidative stress-induced cell death. [97]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a photoreceptor degenerative model of retinal detachment, NMN administration exerted neuroprotective effects on photoreceptors and against oxidative injury. [98]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN effectively prevented ultraviolet B light-induced tissue damage and endothelial cell death in the mouse cornea. [99]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with corneal injury, the replenishment of NMN or NAD+ slowed down corneal nerve fiber degeneration by restoring the activation levels of SIRT1. [100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJ. Boosts Immune Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe age-related shortening of telomeres adversely affects immune function, thus, increasing the risk of severe infection, inflammatory conditions, and chronic diseases. [101-103] Interestingly, NMN boosts NAD+ levels which in turn activates SIRT1. As a result, the telomeres lengthen and become more stable. Moreover, NMN has anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to regulate the activity of certain cells of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA good deal of evidence supports the immune-boosting effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment of 24-month-old mice with NMN for 1 week significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNFα and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn young and older mice, NMN augmented the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells of the immune system. [104]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels can help improve immune function by promoting cell survival, DNA repair, and enhanced intercellular communication. [105-106]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestoring normal NAD+ levels via NMN can decrease the severity of immune reactions in patients with COVID-19 infection. [107]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn increase in NAD+ levels was associated with significant immunomodulatory effects such as modulation of cytokine action, regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecules, blockage of mast cell degranulation, and inhibition of protease release from leukocytes. [108-110]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eK. Increases Energy Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSirtuins play a critical role in regulating various cellular functions including energy metabolism, stress resistance, and circadian rhythm neuronal function – all of which are essential for increasing energy levels. [111-112] Since NMN activates SIRT1 by increasing NAD+ levels, it may help boost energy levels and reduce fatigue. Moreover, NAD+ is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is needed by the cells to perform various biological functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn increasing number of studies support the beneficial effects of NMN on energy levels and medical conditions that cause fatigue:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older adults, NMN intake in the afternoon for 12 weeks effectively improved sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance as evidenced by improved lower limb function and reduced drowsiness. [113]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn amateur runners, NMN supplementation for 6 weeks increased the aerobic capacity during \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/exercises\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eexercise\u003c\/a\u003e training via enhanced O2 utilization of the skeletal muscle. [114]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy young and elderly mice, NMN supplementation at 500 mg\/kg\/d with exercise training increased endurance performance. [115-116]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaising intracellular NAD+ levels through NMN supplementation can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome by improving neurological function, promoting energy production, and lowering fatigue. [117]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL. Promotes Weight Loss\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN can help promote \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/services\/medical-weight-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eweight loss\u003c\/a\u003e via different mechanisms such as increased energy expenditure and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Increased energy expenditure prevents excess fat storage. With enhanced insulin sensitivity, the body responds well to the effects of insulin which in turn prevents high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) which is associated with increased adiposity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that NMN is beneficial for achieving a healthier weight because of its fat-burning properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy individuals, the intravenous administration of NMN significantly reduced blood triglyceride (TG) levels and fat accumulation in the liver. [118]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with severe insulin resistance, NMN treatment reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and adiponectin (a hormone produced by fat cells). [119]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese female mice, NMN reduced adiposity and improved glucose and markers of mitochondrial function. [120]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eM. Treats Stroke\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off. NMN has the ability to widen the blood vessels which can help restore blood flow to the brain. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of NMN can help relieve brain swelling associated with stroke.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies suggest that NMN treatment is beneficial in treating the symptoms of stroke and improving recovery outcomes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with brain injury caused by stroke, NMN treatment for 7 days markedly promoted the recovery of body weight and neurological function via suppression of brain inflammation and oxidative stress. [121]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock due to stroke, NMN significantly improved survival after resuscitation. [122]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNAD replenishment with NMN protected blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuated brain changes caused by significant bleeding. [123]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment attenuated traumatic brain injury in mice via restoration of NAD+ levels. [124]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eN. Improves Liver Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN boosts NAD+ levels resulting in SIRT1 activation. This process is essential in liver health as SIRT1 activation improves cholesterol, fat, and lipid transport as well as fatty acid homeostasis in the liver. [125-127]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NMN can improve liver function and protect against liver disease:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment can help protect against liver injury by raising NAD+ levels. [128]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn increase in NAD+ has been shown to protect against aging-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like liver dysfunction in mice. [129]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased NAD+ levels can prevent the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by influencing the oxidative stress response, programmed cell death, and inflammatory response. [130]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mouse models of liver cirrhosis (scarring), NMN treatment inhibited the production of substances that cause liver inflammation and scarring. [131]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN administration protected against oxidative stress-induced liver injury. [132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eO. Improves Kidney Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-aging effects of NMN can also help address the age-related decline in kidney function. Reduced levels of NAD+ are associated with reduced sirtuin activity which in turn causes deterioration in the overall function of the kidneys. The ability of NMN to boost NAD+ levels activates SIRT1 which can possibly mitigate the negative effects of aging on the kidneys.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that NMN can help address kidney problems associated with aging and certain medical conditions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice with acute kidney injury, NMN supplementation improved kidney function via restoration of renal SIRT1 activity and NAD+ content. [133]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn human kidney cells, NMN suppressed DNA damage and senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide and hypoxia (low oxygen). [134]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, short-term NMN treatment ameliorated adriamycin-induced kidney damage by increasing SIRT1. [135]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with kidney complications due to diabetes, NMN treatment increased kidney concentrations of NAD+ and SIRT1, improved survival rates, and alleviated kidney scarring. [136-137]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section10\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide Side Effects\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on NMN. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of NMN. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with NMN even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSide effects associated with NMN may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdominal distension\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdominal pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBelching\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiarrhea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFatigue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFever\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlatus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMuscle pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSense of hunger\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section11\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Supplement (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplement)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a molecule that occurs naturally in the body and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous biological processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and cellular aging. NMN supplements aim to boost NAD+ levels, which tend to decline with age, potentially supporting overall health and longevity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NMN supplements has been promising, suggesting they may have various health benefits. Studies in animals have indicated that NMN can improve metabolic health, enhance physical activity, and slow down certain aspects of aging. In humans, preliminary research suggests that NMN supplementation may help improve insulin sensitivity, increase muscle strength, and support cardiovascular health, although more extensive clinical trials are needed to fully understand its effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the potential benefits, NMN supplements should be approached with caution. The supplement industry is not strictly regulated, so the quality and effectiveness of NMN products can vary. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section12\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide vs Nicotinamide Riboside (NMN vs NR)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are both compounds that play a role in the production of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism and DNA repair. NMN is a direct precursor to NAD+, meaning it is converted into NAD+ more directly within cells. This pathway potentially makes NMN a more efficient option for boosting NAD+ levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a slightly different compound that also contributes to NAD+ synthesis but through a more indirect route. NR is first converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) before being transformed into NAD+. This extra step may influence its effectiveness compared to NMN. However, research suggests that NR is still highly effective in increasing NAD+ levels and has demonstrated various health benefits in studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth NMN and NR have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies for their potential anti-aging effects, including improving metabolic health and enhancing physical endurance. While both compounds seem to offer similar benefits, the choice between NMN and NR might come down to individual preferences or specific health goals. Ongoing research continues to explore their comparative efficacy and optimal use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section13\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Powder?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN powder is a dietary supplement derived from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a naturally occurring compound in the body that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme essential for energy production, DNA repair, and various metabolic processes. As we age, NAD+ levels decline, which can impact overall health and vitality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementing with NMN powder is believed to help boost NAD+ levels, potentially counteracting some effects of aging and supporting cellular function. Research into NMN’s benefits is ongoing, but preliminary studies suggest that it may enhance physical endurance, improve cognitive function, and promote healthier aging by improving cellular energy production and repair mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN powder is typically taken as a dietary supplement in capsule or powdered form. While promising, it’s important to approach NMN with a balanced perspective, as more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects and benefits. Consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen is recommended to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and goals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section14\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Sublingual?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN sublingual refers to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) delivered via a sublingual method, meaning it is taken under the tongue. NMN is a compound that plays a crucial role in the production of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme involved in various biological processes, including energy metabolism and cellular repair. By delivering NMN directly under the tongue, the supplement can be absorbed more rapidly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system and potentially increasing its effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sublingual form of NMN is designed to offer faster absorption and higher bioavailability compared to oral tablets or capsules. This method leverages the rich blood supply under the tongue, which allows for quicker entry into the systemic circulation. Consequently, users might experience more immediate effects and enhanced benefits related to NMN’s role in promoting cellular health and combating age-related decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany proponents of NMN sublingual supplements believe they can contribute to improved energy levels, cognitive function, and overall vitality. Research into NMN’s potential benefits is ongoing, but preliminary studies suggest that enhancing NAD+ levels may have positive effects on aging and various health conditions. As with any supplement, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting NMN sublingual to ensure it is appropriate for individual health needs and conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section15\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNMN Body Building\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has gained attention in the bodybuilding community for its potential benefits in enhancing physical performance and recovery. NMN is a precursor to Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in cellular energy production and metabolism. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN may improve muscle endurance, reduce fatigue, and promote more efficient recovery after intense workouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NMN’s impact on bodybuilding is still emerging, but some studies suggest it could help mitigate age-related declines in muscle function and strength. As we age, NAD+ levels naturally decrease, which can contribute to decreased muscle mass and performance. Supplementing with NMN might counteract these effects, helping bodybuilders maintain their muscle mass and strength over time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, NMN’s potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could offer further advantages for bodybuilders. Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation can help in preventing exercise-induced muscle damage and speeding up recovery. While more research is needed to fully understand NMN’s effects, its role in supporting cellular health makes it an intriguing option for those looking to enhance their bodybuilding regimen.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReference\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eBieganowski P, Brenner C. Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside as a nutrient and conserved NRK genes establish a Preiss-Handler independent route to NAD+ in fungi and humans. Cell. 2004 May 14;117(4):495-502. doi: 10.1016\/s0092-8674(04)00416-7. PMID: 15137942.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eYang, N. C., Cho, Y. H., \u0026amp; Lee, I. (2019). 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Free radical biology \u0026amp; medicine, 162, 571–581. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.014\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.014\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eLuo, C., Ding, W., Yang, C., Zhang, W., Liu, X., \u0026amp; Deng, H. (2022). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Restores Redox Homeostasis via the Sirt3-Nrf2 Axis and Protects Aged Mice from Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury. 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Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 28(8), 2337–2352. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040385\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040385\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eJia, Y., Kang, X., Tan, L., Ren, Y., Qu, L., Tang, J., Liu, G., Wang, S., Xiong, Z., \u0026amp; Yang, L. (2021). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis After AKI by Suppressing Tubular DNA Damage and Senescence. Frontiers in physiology, 12, 649547. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.649547\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.649547\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eHasegawa, K., Sakamaki, Y., Tamaki, M., \u0026amp; Wakino, S. (2022). Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal damage by epigenetically suppressing the NMN\/NAD consumers mediated by Twist2. Scientific reports, 12(1), 13712. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18147-2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18147-2\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eYasuda, I., Hasegawa, K., Sakamaki, Y., Muraoka, H., Kawaguchi, T., Kusahana, E., Ono, T., Kanda, T., Tokuyama, H., Wakino, S., \u0026amp; Itoh, H. (2021). Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 32(6), 1355–1370. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020081188\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020081188\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eChen, Y., Liang, Y., Hu, T., Wei, R., Cai, C., Wang, P., Wang, L., Qiao, W., \u0026amp; Feng, L. (2017). Endogenous Nampt upregulation is associated with diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis through the NF-κB p65 and Sirt1 pathway; NMN alleviates diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis by inhibiting endogenous Nampt. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 14(5), 4181–4193. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5098\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5098\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42263219994733,"sku":"QT-1300-500MG","price":68.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-1300-NMN-500mg.png?v=1768921167"},{"product_id":"nad-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide","title":"NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme that is present in each living cell in the body. It is produced from the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside (niagen), an alternative form of vitamin B3 (niacin). NAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes such as DNA repair, strengthening cells’ defense systems, conversion of food into a usable form of energy, and regulation of circadian rhythm.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section4\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow NAD+ Works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/NAD-Infographics2-1024x679.jpg\" decoding=\"async\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ converts nutrients into adenosine triphosphate, a compound that provides energy to living cells. Aside from this important function, it works together with various forms of proteins to carry out a wide array of biological processes such as DNA repair, calcium signaling, maintenance of cell energy and chromosomal integrity, and gene expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of NAD+\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/NAD-1.jpg\" decoding=\"async\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on NAD+\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA. Extends Lifespan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAging is associated with progressive restriction in the length of telomeres, which are located at chromosome ends. They play an important role in the preservation of chromosome stability. Studies have shown that individuals with longer telomeres have a longer subsequent lifespan. [1-2] Increasing sirtuin activity is known to stabilize telomeres and attenuate age-related telomere shortening. [3] Since NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve chromosome stability and longer telomeres – all of these mechanisms can increase longevity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe natural process of aging is associated with a decline in the quality and activity of the “powerhouse of the cell” known as the mitochondria. As the name implies, the mitochondria produce the energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions – everything from the transmission of signals, digestion, muscle function, and other essential bodily processes. Mitochondrial function is a determinant of lifespan and studies show that mitochondrial dysfunction can shorten lifespan. [4-5]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that can help extend lifespan is through the activation of SIRT1 function in the nucleus of cells. Evidence suggests that boosting NAD+ levels through NAD+ supplementation can dramatically ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). [6] SIRT1 is an enzyme that plays an integral role in the regulation of proteins involved in cellular metabolism and processes associated with longevity, inflammation, and stress. SIRT1 activation by NAD+ can increase longevity by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, a cellular process that involves the production of new mitochondria. [7]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA convincing number of evidence suggests that NAD+ can extend lifespan:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe administration of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside extended the lifespan of mice without calorie restriction. [8]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), a rare disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that affects movements and speech, NAD+ replenishment improved lifespan and health span by stimulating neuronal DNA repair and improving mitochondrial quality. [9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a medical condition characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, supplementation with a bioavailable NAD+ precursor (nicotinamide riboside, NR) delayed the degeneration of motor neurons, decreased spinal inflammation, and improved survival rate. [10]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of muscular dystrophy, a condition characterized by gradual weakening of the muscles, treatment with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) delayed muscle breakdown and increased lifespan. [11]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of chronological aging, the administration of CD38 inhibitor 78c increased NAD+ levels which in turn improved exercise performance, endurance, and metabolic function and increased lifespan. [12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn Caenorhabditis elegans, a type of worm, NAD+ increased lifespan through the activation of sirtuin (SIR-2). [13-14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species of yeast, NAD+ extended the lifespan and ameliorated aging-related conditions. [15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB. Anti-Aging Benefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile a decline in the function of the mitochondria has been linked with normal aging, this is also associated with a wide array of age-related medical conditions. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial aging contributes to cellular senescence (also known as biological aging), increased inflammation, decreased stem cell activity, reduced healing rate, and a decline in tissue and organ function. [16] Interestingly, NAD+ can reverse age-related mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1 activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNew research found that some of the age-related changes in the structures of the mitochondria can be reversed through NAD+ supplementation. [17] In this study, the administration of NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), a molecule that boosts NAD+ levels, via injections in elderly mice reversed age-related mitochondrial deterioration. It was observed that declining NAD+ levels were associated with interruptions in the normal signaling between the cell’s nucleus and mitochondria. Interestingly, raising NAD+ levels restored the communication between these cellular structures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the normal process of aging, DNA damage occurs continuously on a massive scale. The age-related DNA damage contributes to cell death and a decline in the function of neurons or nerve cells. This creates a domino effect, causing a gradual decline in a number of bodily functions. NAD+ can mitigate these effects since it is connected to the DNA repair precursor poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP 1). PARP 1 consumes NAD+ in the presence of DNA damage in order to promote cell survival. This in turn can help slow down the effects of aging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreclinical evidence also shows that boosting NAD+ levels can help mitigate age-related functional decline:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly mice, treatment with the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) improved blood flow and increased endurance via the promotion of SIRT1-dependent increases in capillary density. [18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass, NAD+ repletion improved muscle and mitochondrial function. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mouse models of retinal dysfunction, NAD+ deficiency caused metabolic dysfunction in the cells of the retina of the eye, suggesting that restoring NAD+ to youthful levels can help age-related vision loss. [21]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with mitochondrial dysfunction, oral administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, increased mitochondrial numbers and prevented muscle abnormalities. [22]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR) prevented noise-induced hearing loss and degeneration of ear cells, suggesting that increasing NAD+ levels can help age-related hearing loss. [23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, the administration of the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide prevented diet- and age-induced diabetes by enhancing insulin sensitivity. [24]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eC. Increases Energy Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes. This includes the conversion of food into a usable form of energy called adenosine triphosphate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies suggest that increased ATP production caused by NAD+ may help boost energy levels and reduce fatigue:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, supplementation with a NAD+ precursor improved ovarian mitochondrial energy metabolism. [25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, chronic NAD+ supplementation (1 mg\/kg\/day for the last 4 weeks) significantly attenuated weight gain and improved diurnal locomotor activity patterns. [26]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, NAD+ supplementation decreased anxiety and improved heart rate. [27]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that NAD+ may be a promising intervention to overcome symptoms of fatigue and to improve the quality of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. [28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe use of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plus NAD+ supplementation reduced perceived cognitive fatigue and improved the health-related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. [29-31]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn trained and untrained subjects, NAD+ supplementation was associated with improved\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/exercises\"\u003eexercise\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eendurance. [32]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7. NAD+ treatment was found to be more effective than conventional therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. [33]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eD. Promotes Weight Loss\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ability of NAD+ to induce\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/services\/medical-weight-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eweight loss\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecan be attributed to its energy-boosting mechanisms. With increased energy expenditure, the body will not store additional fat. Instead, the metabolism is increased, resulting in weight loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere’s a great deal of evidence supporting the fat-burning effects of NAD+:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese female mice, NAD+ injections reversed glucose intolerance induced by obesity and improved exercise capacity. [34]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy obese participants, NAD+ supplementation reduced weight by 17.1%. [35]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mammalian cells and mouse tissues, NAD+ protected against oxidative stress and high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. [36]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, supplementation with NAD+ at 400 mg\/kg\/day reduced abdominal visceral fat deposition. [37]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a study of twins, lower NAD+ levels were associated with acquired obesity. [38]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NAD+ can promote weight loss by reducing the number of adipocytes (fat cells). [39]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeveral studies have revealed that decreased NAD+ levels in cells were associated with higher fat mass tissues in the skeletal muscles, liver, and brain. [40­-43]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NAD+ protected against obesity by promoting whole-body energy homeostasis. [44]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, long-term administration of NAD+ reduced age-associated body weight gain. [45]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNAD+ supplementation in mice ameliorated maternal obesity. [46]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NAD+ normalized mitochondrial function and whole-body metabolism. [47]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, NAD+ protected against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. [48]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eE. Increases Muscle Mass and Strength\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-aging effects of NAD+ can also help attenuate the age-related decline in muscle mass and strength. Evidence suggests that NAD+ reverses detrimental age-associated changes in muscle by boosting ATP production, increasing mitochondrial function, and reducing inflammation. [49]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NAD+ can help combat loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging and musculoskeletal disease:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass, NAD+ repletion improved muscle and mitochondrial function. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with mitochondrial dysfunction, oral administration of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, increased mitochondrial numbers and prevented muscle abnormalities. [22]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older men, NAD+ supplementation increased muscle mass and reduced circulating inflammatory cytokines. [50]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, restoration of NAD+ levels to normal reversed skeletal muscle aging. [51]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2018 study reported that NAD+ is essential in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. [52]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy obese men and women, administration of NAD+ at 1g per day for 6 weeks improved skeletal muscle composition. [53]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that aerobic and resistance exercise training can reverse age-related muscle loss by increasing NAD+ levels. [54]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of Duchene’s muscular dystrophy (DMD), NAD+ supplementation improved muscle function. [55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eF. Improves Cognitive Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA decline in NAD+ levels is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other brain disorders that cause cognitive dysfunction. [11] Interestingly, NAD+ has neuroprotective effects and the ability to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are linked to a wide array of medical maladies including neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ can also help prevent cell death by regulating the activity of polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). [56] PARP1 activity is usually increased in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disease and is associated with increased deposition of abnormal protein structures in the brain. [57] Basically, NAD+ regulates PARP1 activity so that it will not kill too many cells before they can be repaired.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, NAD+ plays important roles in a wide array of biological processes in the brain such as transmission of nerve signals, learning, and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/hormone-therapy\/womens-hormones\/hormone-imbalance-in-women\/menopause\/symptoms-of-menopause\/memory-loss\"\u003ememory\u003c\/a\u003e. [58] NAD+ helps increase the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which are involved in a number of cognitive functions including memory, motivation, attention, mood, and emotions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of strong scientific evidence suggests that NAD+ can help improve cognitive health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a cell study, researchers found that cells treated with NAD+ were more resistant to stress. [59]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccording to a rat study, NAD+ helps protect the brain against oxidative stress. [60]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat udy found that NAD+ can significantly decrease brain injury. [61]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat study, researchers found that NAD+ is also essential for altering genes that accelerate aging. [62]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAccording to a rat study, NAD+ can slow or even reverse the progression of age-related brain diseases. [63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that decreased amounts of NAD+ in the cells accelerate the aging process of the brain. [64-67]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA rat study found that NAD+ helps the brain function at optimal levels. [68-72]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNumerous studies suggest that insufficient amounts of NAD+ result in cell breakdown, which in turn accelerates the aging process and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. [73-77]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeveral studies found that NAD+ is important for the continued production of energy (ATP) by the mitochondria in the brain. [78-81]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NAD+ helps maintain a healthy neurological system and protects against various neurological diseases. [82-84]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that NAD+ is an essential coenzyme needed for brain function. [85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell studies found that NAD+ can help improve the functions of the neurons in the brain. [86-88]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, NAD+ supplementation significantly normalized nerve cell inflammation, synaptic transmission, and DNA damage as well as improved learning, memory, and motor function. [89-95]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that NAD+ may help improve cognitive function through its anti-inflammatory effects. [96]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eG. Fights Cancer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial respiration malfunction and increased glucose uptake are usually observed in cancer cells. Interestingly, increasing NAD+ levels has been shown to boost mitochondrial respiration and reduce glucose (blood sugar) uptake. [97] By counteracting these processes, NAD+ can help prevent the growth of cancer cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncreased NAD+ levels can also help boost the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT6, both of which inhibit the growth and spread of tumors via alteration of beta-catenin signaling and reduction of glucose uptake. [98-99]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies suggest that NAD+ exerts its anti-cancer effects through several mechanisms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that NAD+ regulates cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death of malignant cells. [100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn human ovarian tumor tissues, NAD+ enhanced the anti-tumor activities of chemotherapeutic drugs. [101]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2018 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Oncology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ prevented the progression of cancer by stimulating DNA repair. [102]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2019 study reported that targeting NAD+ metabolism can enhance radiation therapy responses in cancer patients. [103]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2015 study published in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eJournal of Molecular \u0026amp; Cellular Oncology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that boosting NAD+ can prevent and treat liver cancer. [104]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eH. Improves Cardiovascular Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ levels are essential for normal heart function and are associated with improved cardiac recovery from injury. Interestingly, SIRT3, one of the signaling proteins of NAD+, can help improve heart health by preventing enlargement of the heart and scarring. [105-107]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere’s increasing evidence supporting the cardiovascular benefits of NAD+:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animal models of heart failure, NAD+ improved a multitude of processes needed for cardiovascular function such as the production of energy for cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) and reversing vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress. [108-111]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study reported that NAD+ protected rat heart tissues against apoptosis (programmed cell death). [112]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats with impaired heart function, NAD+ supplementation improved markers of cardiovascular health. [113-116]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies in mice found that NAD+ can stimulate the regeneration of heart muscle cells, reduce left ventricular contractile dysfunction, and prevent heart enlargement. [117-118]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRat studies found that higher levels of NAD+ were associated with improved cardiac function. [2, 119]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnimal studies also found that lower NAD+ levels were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in heart muscle cells. [120-121]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2015 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Reviews\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ can prevent the progression of obesity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [122]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn patients with heart failure, 5 to 9 days of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation increased NAD+ levels, improved respiratory capacity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokines. [123]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that increasing NAD+ levels can protect against heart injury caused by insufficient blood supply and pressure overload and can help reduce the size of dead heart tissue. [124-127]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Lowers Blood Pressure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ activates SIRT1 which in turn increases the production of nitric oxide, a substance that helps widen blood vessels to allow an increase in blood flow. This process reduces the pressure within the blood vessels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies support the antihypertensive effects of NAD+:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy middle-aged and older adults, NAD+ supplementation for 6 weeks reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness. [128]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study found that administration of NAD+-boosting molecules decreased blood pressure in Korean subjects. [129]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese men and women, administration of NAD+ at 1-2 g per day for 6-12 weeks significantly reduced blood pressure. [130-131]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJ. Improves Blood Sugar Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ can help improve blood sugar levels by reducing glucose (blood sugar) uptake. This in turn prevents sudden spikes in blood sugar which can be detrimental to health. In addition, NAD+ can also help increase the body’s response to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere’s a good deal of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of NAD+ on blood sugar levels:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn prediabetic women, NAD+ increased muscle insulin sensitivity. [132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, increased NAD+ levels improved glucose and lipid homeostasis by increasing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3. [133-134]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eK. Boosts Immune Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe age-related shortening of telomeres adversely affects the function of the immune system. These adverse changes can significantly increase the risk for severe infection and even death. Studies suggest that patients with significantly shortened telomeres are at higher risk for different medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2). [135-137] Since NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve longer and more stable telomeres. This has a positive impact on the overall function of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that can help improve the immune function is by suppressing or decreasing the inflammatory response. NAD+ has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties that can help treat or ward off a broad range of inflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is a growing body of evidence that NAD+ can help strengthen immune function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment of 24-month-old mice with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide for 1 week significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNFα and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle. [49]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOral nicotinamide has been found to be effective in the management of inflammatory lesions associated with acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. [138]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with brain inflammation, the administration of a NAD+ precursor attenuated the loss of brain cells and improved behavioral deficits. [139]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn men exposed to ultraviolet radiation, topical nicotinamide application prevented immunosuppression. [140-142]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestoring normal NAD+ levels has been found to decrease the severity of immune reaction in patients with COVID-19 infection. [143]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies suggest that NAD+ has significant immunomodulatory effects such as modulation of cytokine action, regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecules, blockage of mast cell degranulation, and inhibition of protease release from leukocytes. [144-146]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL. Improves Liver Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy activating SIRT1, NAD+ can produce protective effects on the liver. SIRT1 is known to improve liver health by maintaining mitochondrial integrity, improving cholesterol transport, and improving fatty acid homeostasis. [147-149]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral lines of evidence suggest that NAD+ can help prevent the development of liver diseases:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2016 study found that NAD+ deficiency in the liver increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [150-151]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NAD+ attenuated alcohol-induced liver injury. [152]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of liver fibrosis, NAD+ prevented liver scarring. [153]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2019 study found that NAD+ protected against aging-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like liver dysfunction in mice. [154]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2015 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNature Reviews\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ can prevent the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by influencing the oxidative stress response, programmed cell death, and inflammatory response. [155]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eM. Improves Kidney Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReduced levels of NAD+ also reduce sirtuin activity. This process is largely responsible for the age-related decline in kidney function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLatest studies indicate that NAD+ is beneficial for kidney health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2019 study published in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003eNational Reviews in Nephrology\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efound that NAD+ deficiency could lead to chronic kidney disease. [156]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2017 study also found that NAD+ supplementation can help improve kidney function. [157]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 2017 study also found that lower NAD+ levels were associated with a higher incidence of acute kidney injury. [158]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies in mice showed that NAD+ protected against kidney injury caused by chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin and other medications that are toxic to the kidneys. [159-165]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section10\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Side Effects\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on NAD+. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of NAD+. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with NAD+ even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSide effects associated with NAD+ may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased blood levels of phosphorus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased insulin sensitivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased platelets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDizziness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrontal dull headaches\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNausea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"white-bg singlehlprag margin-sec\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"row\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-md-9 col-sm-7 col-xs-12\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"wel-section padd-top-25 pad-btn menu_after_cnt\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-md-12 text-left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section9\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReference\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-contrast=\"auto\"\u003eMonaghan, P., \u0026amp; Haussmann, M. F. (2006). Do telomere dynamics link lifestyle and lifespan?. Trends in ecology \u0026amp; evolution, 21(1), 47–53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2005.11.007.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-ccp-props='{\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6,\"335559739\":200,\"335559740\":276}'\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-contrast=\"auto\"\u003eMonaghan P. (2010). Telomeres and life histories: the long and the short of it. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1206, 130–142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05705.x.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-ccp-props='{\"201341983\":0,\"335551550\":6,\"335551620\":6,\"335559739\":200,\"335559740\":276}'\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalacios, J. A., Herranz, D., De Bonis, M. L., Velasco, S., Serrano, M., \u0026amp; Blasco, M. A. (2010). 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Biogerontology, 11(1), 31–43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-009-9225-3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMouchiroud, L., Houtkooper, R. H., Moullan, N., Katsyuba, E., Ryu, D., Cantó, C., Mottis, A., Jo, Y. S., Viswanathan, M., Schoonjans, K., Guarente, L., \u0026amp; Auwerx, J. (2013). The NAD(+)\/Sirtuin Pathway Modulates Longevity through Activation of Mitochondrial UPR and FOXO Signaling. Cell, 154(2), 430–441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.016.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOdoh, C. K., Guo, X., Arnone, J. T., Wang, X., \u0026amp; Zhao, Z. K. (2022). The role of NAD and NAD precursors on longevity and lifespan modulation in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology, 23(2), 169–199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-022-09958-x.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSun, N., Youle, R. J., \u0026amp; Finkel, T. (2016). The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging. 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Journal of internal medicine, 267(3), 278–286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02139.x.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesta, R., Olivieri, F., Sirolla, C., Spazzafumo, L., Rippo, M. R., Marra, M., Bonfigli, A. R., Ceriello, A., Antonicelli, R., Franceschi, C., Castellucci, C., Testa, I., \u0026amp; Procopio, A. D. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length is associated with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 28(11), 1388–1394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03370.x.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiren N. M. (2006). Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions: a review. Cutis, 77(1 Suppl), 11–16.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKaneko, S., Wang, J., Kaneko, M., Yiu, G., Hurrell, J. M., Chitnis, T., Khoury, S. J., \u0026amp; He, Z. (2006). Protecting axonal degeneration by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 26(38), 9794–9804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2116-06.2006.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDamian, D. L., Patterson, C. R., Stapelberg, M., Park, J., Barnetson, R. S., \u0026amp; Halliday, G. M. (2008). UV radiation-induced immunosuppression is greater in men and prevented by topical nicotinamide. The Journal of investigative dermatology, 128(2), 447–454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jid.5701058.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGensler H. L. (1997). Prevention of photoimmunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis by topical nicotinamide. 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Nicotinamide decreases cytokine-induced activation of orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 83(1), 121–124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.83.1.4478.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHiromatsu, Y., Sato, M., Tanaka, K., Ishisaka, N., Kamachi, J., \u0026amp; Nonaka, K. (1993). Inhibitory effects of nicotinamide on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on cultured human thyroid cells. Immunology, 80(2), 330–332.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSilwal P., Shin K., Choi S., Namgung U., Lee C.Y., Heo J.-Y.-Y. Tryptophan negatively regulates IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Korean J Phys Anthropol. 2017;30:53. doi: 10.11637\/kjpa.2017.30.2.53.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePicard, F., Kurtev, M., Chung, N., Topark-Ngarm, A., Senawong, T., Machado De Oliveira, R., Leid, M., McBurney, M. W., \u0026amp; Guarente, L. (2004). Sirt1 promotes fat mobilization in white adipocytes by repressing PPAR-gamma. Nature, 429(6993), 771–776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02583.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRodgers, J. T., Lerin, C., Haas, W., Gygi, S. P., Spiegelman, B. M., \u0026amp; Puigserver, P. (2005). Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1alpha and SIRT1. Nature, 434(7029), 113–118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03354.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYang, F., Vought, B. W., Satterlee, J. S., Walker, A. K., Jim Sun, Z. Y., Watts, J. L., DeBeaumont, R., Saito, R. M., Hyberts, S. G., Yang, S., Macol, C., Iyer, L., Tjian, R., van den Heuvel, S., Hart, A. C., Wagner, G., \u0026amp; Näär, A. M. (2006). An ARC\/Mediator subunit required for SREBP control of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. Nature, 442(7103), 700–704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04942.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRemie CME, Roumans KHM, Moonen MPB, et al. Nicotinamideriboside supplementation alters body composition and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations in healthy obese humans [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 22]. Am J ClinNutr. 2020;nqaa072. doi:10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa072.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003edeGuia RM, Agerholm M, Nielsen TS, et al. Aerobic and resistance exercise training reverses age-dependent decline in NAD+ salvage capacity in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep. 2019;7(12):e14139. doi:10.14814\/phy2.14139.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRyu D, Zhang H, Ropelle ER, et al. NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation. SciTransl Med. 2016;8(361):361ra139. doi:10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf5504.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZhou CC, Yang X, Hua X, et al. Hepatic NAD(+) deficiency as a therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in ageing. Br J Pharmacol. 2016;173(15):2352-2368. doi:10.1111\/bph.13513.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuarino M, Dufour JF. Nicotinamide and NAFLD: Is There Nothing New Under the Sun?. Metabolites. 2019;9(9):180. Published 2019 Sep 10. doi:10.3390\/metabo9090180.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWang S, Wan T, Ye M, et al. Nicotinamideriboside attenuates alcohol induced liver injuries via activation of SirT1\/PGC-1α\/mitochondrial biosynthesis pathway. Redox Biol. 2018;17:89-98. doi:10.1016\/j.redox.2018.04.006.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePham TX, Bae M, Kim MB, et al. Nicotinamideriboside, an NAD+ precursor, attenuates the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. BiochimBiophysActaMol Basis Dis. 2019;1865(9):2451-2463. doi:10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.06.009.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHan X, Bao X, Lou Q, et al. Nicotinamideriboside exerts protective effect against aging-induced NAFLD-like hepatic dysfunction in mice. PeerJ. 2019;7:e7568. Published 2019 Aug 28. doi:10.7717\/peerj.7568.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRalto KM, Rhee EP, Parikh SM. NAD+ homeostasis in renal health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(2):99-111. doi:10.1038\/s41581-019-0216-6.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHershberger KA, Martin AS, Hirschey MD. Role of NAD+ and mitochondrial sirtuins in cardiac and renal diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(4):213-225. doi:10.1038\/nrneph.2017.5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoyanMehr A, Parikh SM. PPARγ-Coactivator-1α, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Renal Stress Resistance. Nephron. 2017;137(4):253-255. doi:10.1159\/000471895.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoyanMehr A, Tran MT, Ralto KM, et al. De novo NAD+ biosynthetic impairment in acute kidney injury in humans. Nat Med. 2018;24(9):1351-1359. doi:10.1038\/s41591-018-0138-z.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZhuo, L., Fu, B., Bai, X., Zhang, B., Wu, L., Cui, J., Cui, S., Wei, R., Chen, X., \u0026amp; Cai, G. (2011). NAD blocks high glucose induced mesangial hypertrophy via activation of the sirtuins-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 27(6), 681–690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000330077\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuan, Y., Wang, S. R., Huang, X. Z., Xie, Q. H., Xu, Y. Y., Shang, D., \u0026amp; Hao, C. M. (2017). Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ Precursor, Rescues Age-Associated Susceptibility to AKI in a Sirtuin 1-Dependent Manner. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 28(8), 2337–2352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040385\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMorigi, M., Perico, L., Rota, C., Longaretti, L., Conti, S., Rottoli, D., Novelli, R., Remuzzi, G., \u0026amp; Benigni, A. (2015). Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial dynamic improvements protect against acute kidney injury. The Journal of clinical investigation, 125(2), 715–726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI77632.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTran, M. T., Zsengeller, Z. K., Berg, A. H., Khankin, E. V., Bhasin, M. K., Kim, W., Clish, C. B., Stillman, I. E., Karumanchi, S. A., Rhee, E. P., \u0026amp; Parikh, S. M. (2016). PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection. Nature, 531(7595), 528–532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17184.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container\"\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"col-md-12\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42263235166317,"sku":"QT-1301-500MG","price":159.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/QT-1301-NAD-500mg.png?v=1768956796"},{"product_id":"nad-nasal-spray","title":"OxyGen® NAD+ Nasal Spray - Longevity Support (1 oz)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eWhat Is NAD+ Nasal Spray?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eA convenient, non-invasive way to boost \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eNAD+ levels in the brain\u003c\/span\u003e without the need for injections. This advanced formula is designed to support mental clarity, brain energy, and healthy aging while on the go.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eKey \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eBenefits of NAD+ Nasal Spray\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eAnti-Aging Benefits\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e: Supports DNA repair, cellular regeneration, and may slow the signs of aging by replenishing declining NAD+ levels.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eBrain Clarity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\" lang=\"EN-IN\"\u003e: Improves cognitive performance, enhances mental focus, concentration, and memory.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eBrain Energy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\" lang=\"EN-IN\"\u003e: Boosts cerebral NAD+ to support neuron health, reduce brain fog, and increase alertness, cellular resilience.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e \u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"\u003eImproved absorption and bioavailability: \u003c\/strong\u003eDelivers NAD+ directly to the brain \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"\u003eusing advanced polymer delivery technology \u003c\/span\u003evia nasal route\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"\u003eAids in longevity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'San Francisco', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"\u003e by optimizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eMetabolic and Immune Support\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eSupports blood sugar regulation, insulin sensitivity, and healthy cholesterol levels.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eActs as an \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eimmune booster\u003c\/span\u003e and \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eanti-inflammatory agent\u003c\/span\u003e, potentially reducing chronic inflammation and promoting better immune response.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eAdditional Benefits\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003ePromotes \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eskin and eye health\u003c\/span\u003e through DNA repair mechanisms, potentially reducing UV-related damage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eMay delay age-related decline in metabolic and cognitive performance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eWhere to Buy NAD+ Nasal Spray?\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eOur high-quality \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003eNAD+ nasal spray\u003c\/span\u003e is made in the USA in a certified compounding pharmacy using USP-grade ingredients.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eWhere to Buy NAD+ Nasal Spray\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e: Available here exclusively with fast shipping and lab-tested purity.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eNAD+ Longevity Supplement Spray Review\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eUsers report noticeable improvements in energy, mood, and clarity within days of use.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eLoved for its easy application, rapid results, and effectiveness as a \u003cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003enon-injectable NAD+ longevity supplement spray\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin-top: 0in;\" type=\"disc\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eForm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e: Nasal Spray\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eSize\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e: 1 oz (approx. 30 mL)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eRecommended Use\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e: 1–2 sprays per nostril, 2–3 times daily or as directed\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003eDelivery\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-IN\" style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"\u003e: Rapid nasal absorption for brain-focused delivery\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42375034699885,"sku":"QT-3006-1OZ","price":54.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0605\/4019\/0829\/files\/NAD_-1ozbottle.png?v=1770173614"}],"url":"https:\/\/sunig0-dr.myshopify.com\/collections\/nucleotides.oembed","provider":"QUALITIDE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}